WARKWORTH, a parish, and formerly a market town, of Northumberland, on the river Coquet, three miles south of Alnmouth, and 305 north of London. The church is a handsome building, having a spire 100 feet high; some of the windows contain paintings on the glass. It has a bridge over the Coquet, near which is an ancient tower. At the south end of the town stands Warkworth Castle, the magnificent seat of the duke of Northumberland, surrounded with walls and a moat, and covering an area of five acres and a half. The grand entrance-gate is on the south side, between two polygon towers; the keep, or dungeon, forms the north point in the form of a square, which contains a variety of magnificent apartments, and above it rises a high watch-tower. Although the Percy family have a large castle at Alnwick, ten miles distant, this appears always to have been the favorite residence of that family. About half a mile from the castle, on the banks of the river, is the Hermitage, formed out of the solid rock, and overhanging the river in a most picturesque manner; the chapel is modelled and executed in a very beautiful style of Gothic architecture; it is in length about eighteen feet, and in width and height not more than seven and a half. Tradition says that this hermitage was founded by one of the Bertram family, lord of Bothall Castle, where he expiated in penance the murder of his brother. Warkworth has a market-cross, but the market has long been discontinued.

WAR'LOCK, n. s. Sax. peplog, an evil spirit;
WAR'LUCK.
Isl. vardlookr, a charm. A

male witch; a wizzard.
He was no warluck, as the Scots commonly call such
men, who they say are iron free or lead free. Dryden.
WARM, adj., v. a.,& v. n.` Sax. peanm; Goth.
WARM'LY, adv.
and Belg. warm.
WARM'NESS, n. s.
Heated to a small
WARMTH.
degree: hence zea-
lous; ardent; passionate; busy; heated with action
or temper: the derivatives follow both the literal
and metaphorical sense.

He stretched himself upon the child, and the flesh of the child waxed warm. 2 Kings iv. 34. There shall not be a coal to warm at, nor fire to sit before it. What warmth is there in your affection towards any of these princely suitors that are already come?

Isaiah xlvii. 14.

Shakspeare. Cold plants have a quicker perception of the heat of the sun encreasing than the hot herbs have; as a cold hand will sooner find a little warmth than a hot. Bacon's Natural History. He vital virtue infused, and vital warmth, Throughout the fluid mass.

There the warming sun first warmly smote The open field.

Milton.

The same warmth of head disposes men to both.

Id.

warms you by degrees, the other sets you on fire all at once, and never intermits his heat. Dryden. The best patriots, by seeing with what warmth and zeal the smallest corruptions are defended, have been wearied into silence.

In ten degrees of more indulgent skies.
We envy not the warmer clime, that lies

Now I have two right honest wives;
One to Atrides I will send,

And t' other to my Trojan friend;
Each prince shall thus with honour have
What both so warmly seem to crave.

Davenant.

Addison.

Prior.

The ancients expect you should do them right in the account you intend to write of their characters: I hope you think more warmly than ever of that design. Pope. Scaliger in his poetics is very warm against it.

Broome.

WARMINSTER, a market town of Wilts, on the small river Willy, which falls into the Avon at Salisbury, twenty-two miles N. N. W. of Salisbury, and ninety-seven west by south of London. Its principal trade is in malt, and it has a small woollen manufacture. This town is supposed to have been the Verlucio of the Romans. Market on Saturday, well supplied with corn. WARN, v. a. Sax. pænman; Belg. waernen; WARNING, n. s. Goth. and Swed. warna; Isl. To caution against fault or danger; to give previous notice of ill; admonish: the noun substantive corresponds.

varna.

I will thank the Lord for giving me warning in the night. Psalms. Cornelius was warned from God, by an holy angel, to send for thee. Acts x. 22. What, dost thou scorn me for my gentle counsel, And sooth the devil that I warn thee from? Shaksp. Our first parents had been warned The coming of their secret foe, and 'scaped His mortal snare.

Dryden.

Milton's Paradise Lost. Juturna warns the Daunian chief Of Lausus' danger, urging swift relief. He, groaning from the bottom of his breast, This warning in these mournful words exprest. Death called up an old man, and bade him come the man excused himself, that it was a great journey to take upon so short a warning. L'Estrange.

Id. ;

If we consider the mistakes in men's disputes and notions, how great a part is owing to words, and their uncertain or mistaken significations; this we are the more carefully to be warned of, because the arts of improving it have been made the business of men's study.

Locke.

A true and plain relation of my misfortunes may be of use and warning to credulous maids, never to put too much trust in deceitful men. Swift.

WARNER (Ferdinand), LL. D., a learned English divine and historian, who was rector of St. Michael, Queenhithe, London, and of Barnes, Surrey he was esteemed a good preacher. He wrote, 1. An ecclesiastical History of England; 2 vols. 2. Memoirs of Sir Thomas More. 3. History of the Irish Rebellion; 2 vols. 8vo; and 4. A Treatise on the Cure of the Gout; of which, however, he died in 1768.

WARNER (John), D. D., son of the doctor, was

educated at Cambridge, where he graduated in 1771. He obtained the livings of Hockliffe, Chalton, and Stourton. In 1789 he accompanied lord Gower our ambassador to Paris, and witnessed the earliest events of the French revolution. On his return he opposed the French war, and the British ministry till his death, in January 1800. He was a popular preacher, and a benevolent man. translated the Life of Friar Gerund; and wrote Metron-Ariston, a work which made much noise among the learned.

He

WARNER (Richard), a learned botanist, educated at Wadham College, Oxford. He wrote, 1. Plantæ Woodfordienses; 2. A Letter to Garrick, as to a Glossary to Shakspeare; of whose works he had prepared an accurate edition, but Stevens's superseded it. He died in 1775, and left his valuable library to Wadham College.

WARP, v. n. & v. a. Sax. peanpan; Belg. werpen; Goth. and Swed. warpa, to throw. To change or bend from the true position by intestine motion; to twist; turn; cast away; lose proper course or direction: as a verb active, to turn aside; contract; shrivel.

Freeze, freeze, thou bitter sky! Thou dost not bite so nigh

As benefits forgot:

Though thou the waters warp,

Thy sting is not so sharp,

As friends remembered not.

There's our commission,

From which we would not have you warp.

Shakspeare.

Id.

Up called a pitchy cloud Of locusts, warping on the eastern wind, That o'er the realm of impious Pharaoh hung Like night. Milton's Paradise Lost. Not foreign or domestick treachery Could warp thy soul to their unjust decree. Dryden. Not warped by passion, awed by rumour, Nor grave through pride, or gay through folly; An equal mixture of good-humour, And sensible soft melancholy.

Swift.

WARP, n. s. Sax. peanp; Belg. werp. That order of thread in a thing woven that crosses the woof. The placing of the tangible parts in length or transverse, as it is in the warp and the woof of texture, more inward or more outward. Bacon's Natural History.

WARP, in the manufactures, the threads whether of silk, wool, linen, hemp, &c., that are extended lengthwise on the weaver's loom; and across which the workman, by his shuttle, passes the threads of the woof, to form a cloth, ribband, fustian, or the like.

WARP, in sea language, a small rope employed occasionally to remove a ship from one place to another, in a port, or road, or river.

To WARP is to change the situation of a ship, by pulling her from one part of a harbour, &c., to some other, by means of warps, which are attached to buoys; to anchors sunk in the bottom; or to certain stations upon the shore, as posts, rings, trees, &c.

Fr. garantir. To support; maintain; attest; justify; give authority; privilege;

assure a writ con

WARRANT, v. n. &n.s.\ WAR RANTABLE, adj. WARRANTABLENESS, 7.S. WAR RANTABLY, adv. WAR RANTISE, n. s. WARRANTY. veying authority or security; a commission; attestation; right: warrantable is justifiable; defensible: the noun substantive and adverb corresponding: warrantise, authority; security (obsolete); warranty also signifies

security, legal undertaking, or promise of security, These thoughts cannot, in this your loneliness, warrant you from suspicion in others, nor defend you from melancholy in yourself. Sidney.

By the foil thereof you may see the nobleness of my desire to you, and the warrantableness of your favour to

me.

Id.

His promise is our plain warrant, that in his name what we ask we shall receive. Hooker. Be like our warranted quarrel. Now we'll together, and the chance of goodness Shakspeare. Macbeth. Are you now going to dispatch this deed? We are, my lord, and come to have the warrant, That we may be admitted where he is. Id. Richard III. Her obsequies have been so far enlarged As we have warranty. Shakspeare. There's none protector of the realm but 1: Break up the gates, I'll be your warrantise.

Id.

True fortitude is seen in great exploits, That justice warrants and that wisdom guides: All else is towering frenzy and distraction.

Addison.

A WARRANT, in law, is a power and charge to a constable or other officer to apprehend a person accused of any crime. It may be issued in extraordinary cases by the privy council, or secretaries of state; but most commonly it is issued by jus tices of the peace. This they may do in any case where they have a jurisdiction over the offence, in order to compel the person accused to appear be fore them. And this extends to all treasons, felonies, and breaches of the peace; and also to all such offences as they have power to punish by statute. Before the granting of the warrant, it is proper to examine upon oath the party requiring it, as well to ascertain that there is a felony or other crime actually committed, without which no warrant should be granted; as also to prove the cause and probability of suspecting the party against whom the warrant is prayed. This warrant ough to be under the hand and seal of the justice, should set forth the time and place of making, and the cause for which it is made; and should be directed to the constable, or other peace officer, or il may be to any private person by name. A genera warrant to apprehend all persons suspected, with out naming or particularly describing any person in special, is illegal and void for its uncertainty; for it is the duty of the magistrate, and ought not to be left to the officer, to judge of the ground of suspicion. Also a warrant to apprehend all persons guilty of such a crime is no legal warrant ; for the point upon which its authority rests is a

royal highness the duke of Sussex to his brother, in trust for his daughter. He died in the prime of life April 21st, 1823.

WARREN (Sir J. Borlase), bart. G. C. B., admiral, was descended from the ancient family of the Borlases in Cornwall. From Winchester school he at an early age entered the naval service, but soon after availed himself of a temporary opportunity, and entered himself of Emanuel College, Cambridge. On the breaking out of the French war he was appointed to the Flora frigate, and received the command of a squadron for the purpose of annoying the coast of France. In 1794 he obtained for his services the riband of the order of the Bath, and the year following acted as commodore of the division which landed a body of emigrants in Quiberon Bay. Having removed into the Canada seventy-four, he joined the Brest fleet under lord Bridport, and being detached with a squadron came up on the 10th of October, 1798, off the coast of Ireland, with the Hoche, a French man-ofwar, and three frigates laden with troops. After a smart engagement he succeeded in capturing the whole squadron, and received the thanks of parliament. Soon after he hoisted his flag as rear-admiral, whence he arrived in due course at the rank of admiral of the white. On the conclusion of peace he went out as ambassador extraordinary to Russia, a situation which the dispute with that power respecting the island of Malta rendered of considerable delicacy, and he appears to have conducted himself with great prudence. He sat in four parliaments, being returned in those of 1774 and 1780 for the borough of Great Marlow, and in those of 1796 and 1802 for that of Nottingham. He died February 27th, 1822, in the apartments of sir R. Keats at Greenwich Hospital.

WARRINGTON, a market-town and parish in West Derby hundred, Lancashire, eleven miles from Northwich, on the banks of the Mersey, which separates it from Cheshire, eighteen miles east of Liverpool, and 173 from London. Its manufactures are sailcloth, canvas, fustian, pins, glass, &c. The church contains many ancient and handsome monuments, and has a neat chapel of ease, consecrated in 1760, and another chapel of ease in the suburb, near the bridge. In the town are also a Roman Catholic chapel, and several meeting-houses for Dissenters; a well-endowed free-school, and two good charity-schools, for educating and clothing children of both sexes. It also has an academy for the education of youth, particularly for trade and merchandise. Over the Mersey is a handsome stone bridge, near which anciently stood a priory of Augustines. The river, by the aid of the tide, will admit small vessels to float up to the quays near the town. Besides its manufactures of huckabacks and coarse cloths, Warrington has long been noted for the excellence of its malt. It is not incorporated, but is governed by the justices of the peace, assisted by four constables. Here is a bank. Market on Wednesday, noted for fish, provisions, and all kinds of cattle, not inferior to the Leicestershire breed.

WARʼRIOR, n. s. From war. military man.

A soldier; a

I came from Corinth, Brought to this town by that most famous warrior, Duke Menaphon. Shakspeare. Comedy of Errours. I sing the warriour, and his mighty deeds.

Lauderdale.

Desire of praise first broke the patriot's rest, And made a bulwark of the warriour's breast. Young. WARSAW, a large city of Europe, the capital of Poland, situated on the left bank of the Vistula. The course of that river is from south to north; its depth here is less than that of the Thames at London, but its width somewhat greater. Warsaw is an open town covering a great extent of ground,. the length of the town and suburbs being between three and four miles, its breadth between two and three, including large spaces occupied by gardens. The population is said, before it lost (in 1795) its character of capital of the whole of Poland, to have exceeded 90,000. In the subsequent years of trouble the population fell to 70,000; but since 1815, when the peace of the country was consolidated, and Warsaw again rendered the resort of a legislative body, the population has been on the increase.

The city, originally little better than an accumulation of cottages, received considerable improvements from its Saxon sovereigns. Still it is an irregular place, exhibiting a singular contrast of ostentation and poverty.

The town is divided into the Old and New, exclusive of four suburbs, of which one, Praga, lies on the right bank of the Vistula. The old town consists of one main street, with some smaller streets joining it on either side. It is miserably built, with the exception of a few public edifices. The New Town is less badly built, and extends along the banks of the Vistula, in a winding form, to the extent of nearly three miles, including a number of gardens. It contains several churches, public buildings, and barracks. The largest edifice is the palace of the viceroy. Its extensive garden forms the only public walk of the place. The castle of Warsaw is a large quadrangle, with halls where the two houses of parliament (the diet and senate) hold their sittings.

Praga is memorable for the assaults made on it in the autumn of 1794 by the Russian army under Suwarrow; assaults too nearly resembling those on Ismail. Praga was on that occasion almost totally destroyed, and was long ere it rose from its ruins. Now, however, it is rebuilding on a neat and even elegant plan. Of the castles or mansions in the vicinity of Warsaw one of the most remarkable is that which was once the residence of Sobieski, and which is still remarked for its beautiful gardens. Two miles to the west of the town is the village and field of Wola, the scene, in former ages, of the assemblage of the national diet.

Of the public establishments of Warsaw the principal are the offices of government, which, since 1815, have re-assumed a regal form. Towards the end of 1816 there was established a university, consisting, like those of Germany, of classes in theology, law, philosophy, and several of the sciences, including political economy. Here are also schools for surgery and drawing, a lyceum or high school, a college for the sons of the Catholic nobility, and a military academy. To these are to be added a society for the sciences generally, and another for natural history and agriculture; also a public library, and a collection of coins and medals. Warsaw has lost, in the wars of the last and present century, several of its ornaments, in particular the public library which belonged to the state, and was greatly injured in its conveyance, in 1795, to St. Petersburgh. A collection of paintings, formed by king Stanislaus, was also removed.

The Vistula, here near the middle of its course, is navigable to a great extent upwards as well as downwards. At some seasons, however, great in convenience has been experienced from the extent of its inundations, and the shifting of sand banks. The middle of summer is the most favorable season; and during the interval that the channel is full, without overflow, it is computed that nearly 100 boats or barges, laden with the produce of the country, namely, corn, spirits, and wine, are daily sent down its stream. It abounds in fish. Woollen stuffs, soap, tobacco, gold and silver wire, are made here; also carriages, harness, and, to a small extent, carpeting. Here are likewise several wholesale mercantile houses, whose business is the import of articles for the supply of the interior, and the export of Polish produce. Since 1817 two great annual fairs have been established here, on the plan of those of Frankfort and Leipsic. They are held in May and November, each during three weeks. Warsaw is said to contain only six booksellers.

It was in 1566 that the diet was transferred hither from Cracow. In the war with the Swedes, in the middle of the seventeenth century, Warsaw was occupied by the invaders, who made it (in 1655) the depot of the spoils collected in their progress through the country. When Charles XII. advanced, at a subsequent date (1703), to Warsaw, it surrendered without opposition. The chief part of last century passed without alarm; but in 1793 the Russian garrison that occupied it were expelled by the Poles, on receiving intelligence of the success of Kosciusko near Cracow. That leader, when obliged next year to change the scene of contest, retreated on Warsaw, and defended it with success against the Prussians during the summer of 1794, obliging them eventually to raise the siege. A different fate awaited it on the arrival of Suwarrow. Praga being taken by assault, and delivered to pillage, the capital submitted without opposition. On the final partition of Poland, in 1795, this part of the country fell to the share of Prussia, and Warsaw had no other rank than that of capital of a province until the end of 1806, when the overthrow of the power of Prussia led to the formation, by Buonaparte, of the duchy of Warsaw. Of this state it continued the capital until the evacuation of Poland by the French in January, 1813. Since 1815 it has, in a manner, retained its character of a capital, being the residence of a viceroy of the emperor of Russia; also the place of meeting of the Polish parliament. 320 miles east of Berlin, and 240 S. S. E. of Dantzic.

WART, n. s. Sax. peant; Belg. werte; Goth. and Swed. warta. A corneous excrescence on the

of 1721 or beginning of 1722. He was the eldest son of the above, and born in Oxford. For many years he was successively under and upper master of Winchester College, but resigned the last of these offices when he found the infirmities of age coming upon him; and was succeeded by Dr. Goddard. He was likewise prebendary of the cathedral church of Winchester and rector of Wickham in Hampshire, where he died, aged seventyeight. His publications are few but valuable. A small collection of poems, without a name, was the first of them, and contained the Ode to Fancy, which has been so much and so deservedly admired. They were all afterwards printed in Dodsley's collection. He was also a considerable contributor to the Adventurer, published by Dr. Hawkesworth; and all the papers which contain criticisms on Shakspeare were written by him and his brother Thomas. His last work, which he undertook for the booksellers at a very advanced age, was an edition of Pope's works.

WARTON (Thomas), the brother of the preceding, was born in 1728. He received the first part of his education at Winchester; and at the age of sixteen was entered a commoner of Trinity College, Oxford, under Mr. Geering. He began his poetical career early. In 1745 he published five pastoral eclogues, in which are beautifully described the miseries of war to which the shepherds of Germany were exposed. In 1749 appeared the Triumph of Isis. In 1751 he succeeded to a fellowship of his college. In 1753 appeared his observations on the Fairy Queen of Spenser, in 8vo., a work which he corrected, enlarged, and republished, in 2 vols., crown 8vo., in 1762. In 1756 Mr. Warton was elected professor of poetry, which office he held for the usual term of ten years. His lectures were remarkable for elegance of diction and justness of observation. One of them, on the subject of pastoral poetry, was afterwards prefixed to his edition of Theocritus. In 1758 he assisted Dr. Johnson in the subscription to his edition of Shakspeare, and furnished him with some valuable notes. From the Clarendon press, in 1766, he published Anthologiæ Græcæ, a Constantino Cephalà conditæ, libri tres, 2 vols., 12mo. In 1770 he published, from the academical press, his edition of Theocritus, in 2 vols., 8vo. In 1771 he was elected a fellow of the Antiquarian Society, and was presented by the earl of Lichfield to the living of Kiddington in Oxfordshire, which he held till his death. He also in this year published an improved account of the Life of Sir Thomas Pope, founder of Trinity College, Oxford. The plan for a history of English poetry was laid by Pope, enlarged by Gray; but to bring an original plan nearly to a completion was reserved for the perseverance of Warton. In 1774 appeared his first volume; in 1778 the second and third, which brings the narrative down to the reign of Elizabeth in 1581. In 1777 he collected his poems into an 8vo. volume, containing miscellaneous pieces, odes, and sonnets. In vindication of the opinion he had given in his second volume of the History of Poetry, relative to the ingenious attempt of Chatterton to impose upon the public, he produced, in 1782, An Enquiry into the Authenticity of the Poems attributed to Rowley. In 1785 he was appointed poet laureat, on the death of Whitehead, and elected Camden professor of ancient history on the resignation of Dr. Scott. His last publication, except his official odes, consisted of