Elections growing chargeable, the voters, that is, the bulk of the common people, have been universally seduced into bribery, perjury, drunkenness, malice, and Swift. slander. The final determination arises from the majority of opinions or votes in the assembly, because they ought to be swayed by the superior weight of reason. Watts. VOTIVE, adj. Lat. votivus. Given by vow. Such in Isis's temple you may find, On votive tablets to the life pourtrayed. Dryden. VOUCH, v. a., v. n., & n. s. Norman French VOUCH'ER, n. s. voucher; from Lat. VOUCHSAFE', v. a. & v. n. vocatio. To call VOUCHSAFE MENT, n. s. to witness; obest; declare; warrant; to bear witness: warrant; attestation: a voucher is one who gives testimony; any kind of testimony: to vouchsafe is to grant by way of condescension: to deign; yield: the noun substantive corresponding. Do I not see Zelmane, who does not think a thought which is not first weighed by wisdom and virtue? doth not she vouchsafe to love me with like ardour? Sidney. Vouchsafe, divine perfection of a woman, Of these supposed crimes to give me leave By circumstance but to acquit myself. Shakspeare. You do not give the cheer; the feast is sold That is not often vouched, while 'tis making, Tis given with welcome. Better to starve, Than crave the hire which first we do deserve: Id. Id. Locke. All the great writers of that age stand up together as vouchers for one another's reputation. Spectator. VOW, n. s., v. a., & v. n. Į Fr. vau; Lat. vo} tum. Vow'FELLOW, n. s. A promise made to a divine power; or an act of devotion, by which some part of life, or of possessions, is consecrated to a particular purpose: to consecrate in this way to make solemn vows or promises of this kind: a vowfellow is one bound by the same vow. Who are the votaries That are voufellows with this virtuous king? Shakop With burden of a sickness, weak and faint, If Id Davies. you take that vow and that wish to be all one, you are mistaken; a wish is a far lower degree than a row. Hammond. Those, who wear the woodbine on their brow, Were knights of love, who never broke their vow; Firm to their plighted faith. Dryden. Vow, in religion. The use of vows is found in most religions. They make up a considerable part of the Pagan worship, being made either in consequence of some deliverance, under some pressing necessity, or for the success of some enterprize. Among the Jews, all vows were to be voluntary, and, made by persons wholly in their own power; and if such person made a vow in any thing lawful and possible, he was obliged to fulfil it. If he ap. pointed no particular time for accomplishing his vow, he was bound to do it instantly, lest by delay he should prove less able, or be unwilling, to execute his promise. Among the Romanists, a person is constituted a religious by taking three vows; that of poverty, chastity, and obedience. Vows, among the Romans, signified sacrifices, offerings, presents, and prayers, made for the Cxsars and emperors, particularly for their prosperity and the continuance of their empire. These were made at first every five years, then every fifteen, and afterwards every twenty, and were called quinquennalia, decennalia, and vincennalia. VOW'EL, n. s. Fr. voyelle; Lat. vocalis. A letter which can be uttered by itself. I distinguish letters into vowels and consonants. Helde. VOX, in law, vocem non habere, a phrase used by Bracton and Fleta for an infamous person; one who is not admitted to be a witness. VOX HUMANA, Lat., voix humaine, Fr., in mosic, a stop in the organ, thus named from its being an imitation of the human voice. It is a reed stop, in unison with the open diapason, or a short metal pipe, of a wide globular form, at the top resembling a human mouth. This is a celebrated stop in the famous organ at Haerlem. A Fr. VOYAGE, n. s., v. n., & v. a. Į voyage. VOYAGER, N. S. travel by sea; course; attempt; the practice of travelling (obso lete): to voyage is to travel by sea: to pass over: a voyager, a traveller by sea. With his black palmer, that him guided still. Spenser. them. Disdain not in thy constant travelling To do as other voyagers, and make Some turns into less creeks, and wisely take Fresh water at the Heliconian spring. I with pain Voyaged the unreal, vast, unbounded deep Of horrible confusion. Васов. Donne Milton. This great man acted like an able pilot in a long voyage, contented to sit in the cabin when the winds UP, adv., interj., & prep. Sax. up; Belg. and Dan. op; Goth. and Swed. upp. Aloft; on high; erect; climbing; exalted; in a state of being raised or increase: up and down' is, disorderly; backward and forward: taking with and to as prepositions: as an interjection arise! rouse! as a preposition, from a lower to a higher position. As soon as the sun is up, set upon the city. Judges ix. Those that were up themselves kept others low, Those that were low themselves held others hard, Ne suffered them to rise or greater grow. Spenser. Up grisly ghosts; and up, my rueful rime; Matter of mirth now shalt thou have no more. Id. From those two brethren, admire the wonderful changes of wordly things; now up, now down, as if the life of man were not of much more certainty than a stage play. Knolles. The gentle archbishop of York is up With well-appointed powers. Shakspeare. Henry VI. In going up a hill, the knees will be most weary; in going down, the thighs: for that, in lifting the feet, when a man goeth up the hill, the weight of the body beareth most upon the knees, and, in going down, upon the thighs. Strait the rumour flew Up to the city; which heard, up they drew By daies first breake. Bacon. Chapman. But up, and enter now into full bliss. Milton. Thou hast fired me; my soul's up in arms, And mans each part about me. him. Dryden. As a boar was whetting his teeth, up comes a fox to L'Estrange. Upon his first rising, a general whisper ran among the country people, that Sir Roger was up. Addison. UPBEAR', v. a. Preter. upbore; part. pass. upborn. Up and bear. To sustain aloft; support in elevation. Spenser. Milton. Vital powers 'gan wax both weak and wan, For want of food and sleep; which two upbear, Like weighty pillars, this frail life of man. Upborn with indefatigable wings. UPBRAID', v. a. Sax. upgebɲædan, upUPBRAIDINGLY, adv. gebɲedan. To charge contemptuously with any thing disgraceful. It has commonly with, sometimes of, before the thing imputed; sometimes it has only an accusative of the thing, as in Milton: the adverb corresponds. If any lack wisdom, let him ask of God, that giveth liberally, and upbraideth not. James i. 5. Vain man! how long wilt thou thy God upbraid? And, like the roaring of a furious wind, Thus vent the vile distemper of thy mind? Sandys. There also was that mighty monarch laid, Was there ever man had such luck? when I kissed the jack, upon an upcast to be hit away! Shakspeare. Beasts with upcast eyes forsake their shade, Dryden. And gaze as if I were to be obeyed. UPGATHER, v. a. Up and gather. To con UPHILL', adj. Up and hill. Difficult; like the labor of climbing a hill. What an uphill labour must it be to a learner, who has those first rudiments to master at twenty years of Clarissa. age, which others are taught at ten. UPHOARD', v. a. Up and hoard. To treasure; store. Heaps of huge words uphoarded hideously Spenser. UPHOLSTERER, n. s. A corruption of up holder. One who furnishes houses; or who fits up apartments with beds and furniture. If a corner of the hanging wants a single nail, send for the upholsterer. Mere wax as yet, you fashion him with ease, UP'LAND, n. s. & adj. Swift. Pope. Up and land. Higher ground; higher in situ ation; rude; uncultivated: uplandish has also the latter signification. Lion-like, uplandish, and mere wild, Slave to his pride; and all his nerves being naturally compiled Of eminent strength; stalks out and preys upon a silly Chapman's Iliad. sheep. Those in Cornwall do no more by nature than others elsewhere by choice, conceive themselves an estranged UPLAND, a province of Middle Sweden, bounded by the gulf of Bothnia, the Baltic, the lake of Malar, and Westmannland. It consists of an extensive plain, a little above the level of the sea, and in general fertile, having an area of 500 English square miles, with a population of 230,000. It is watered by a number of rivers, some of which are navigable. Upland contains very extensive forests, also some of the best iron mines in Sweden. Besides Stockholm (the capital of the kingdom) it contains Upsal, and several other towns. UPLAY, v. a. Up and lay. To hoard; to lay up. We are but farmers of ourselves; yet may, If we can stock ourselves and thrive, uplay Much, much good treasure, for the great rent-day. Dryden. That still rise upmost when the nation boils; That have but just enough of sense to know The master's voice, when rated to depart. UPON', prep. Up and on. Is in many of its significations now contracted into on, especially in poetry. Its meaning is very multifarious; for it is applied both to place, which seems its original signification; to time, which seems its secondary meaning; and to intellectual or corporeal operations. It always retains an intimation, more or less obscure, of some substratum, something precedent, or some subject. It is not easy to reduce it to any general idea. The enemy lodged themselves at Aldermaston, and those from Newberry and Reading in two other villages upon the river Kennet, over which he was to pass. Clarendon. No man, who had a mind to do wrong, would be awed from doing it by a law that is always to be a sword in a scabbard, and must never be pleaded against him, or executed upon him. Kettleworth. Upon this, I remember a strain of refined civility, that when any woman went to see another of equal birth, she worked at her own work in the other's house. Temple. If we would neither impose upon ourselves, nor others, we must lay aside that fallacious method of censuring by the lump. This advantage we lost upon the invention of fire-arms. Burnet. Addison. The design was discovered by a person as much noted for his skill in gaming as in políticks, upon the base mercenary end of getting money by wagers. Swift. A comparative from up. Su UPPER, aperior in place or dignity; higher: UPPERMOST. S highest in place or dignity. The like corrupt and unreasonable custom prevailed far, and got the upper hand of right reason with the Hooker. greatest part. but the clouds, and waters engendered in the uppermost Raleigh. The waters, called the waters above the heavens, are air. Our knight did bear no less a pack Of his own buttocks on his back; Which now had almost got the upper Hand of his head, for want of crupper. Hudibras. In all things follow nature, not painting clouds in the bottom of your piece, and waters in the uppermost parts. Dryden. The understanding was then clear, and the soul's upper region lofty and serene, free from the vapours of the inferior affections. South's Sermons. UPPINGHAM, a market-town in Martinsley hundred, Rutlandshire, seven miles south of Oakham, and eighty-nine north by west of London. The town, consisting principally of one street, stands on an eminence, whence it is supposed to have derived its name. The houses are well built, and the streets clean and neat; it has a good hospital and free-school, both erected in 1584. The church is an ancient Gothic structure, containing many monuments, some of which are very elegant and of great antiquity. At a place called the Brand are annual horse-races. Market on Wednesday Fairs March 7th and July 7th, for horses, cattle and cloth. UPRAISE', v. a. Up and raise. To raise up; to exalt. This would interrupt his joy In our confusion, and our joy upraise In his disturbance. Gay. Milton's Paradise Last. UPREAR', v. a. Up and rear. To rear on high Heaven-born Charity! thy blessings shed; Bid meagre Want uprear her sickly head. UPRIGHT, adj. & n. s. UP'RICHTLY, adv. UP'RIGHTNESS, n. s. Up and right. This word, with its derivatives, is in prose accented on the first syllable; but in poetry seems to be accented indifferently on the first or second. Straight up; perpendicularly erect: hence honest; not declining from moral right: as a noun substantive (il supported) it seems to mean elevation; or thography: the adverb and noun substantive correspond with the adjective. Jeremiah x. They are upright as the palm-tree. Men by nature apter to rage than deceit; not greatly ambitious, more than to be well and uprightly dealt with. Sidney. Such neighbour nearness should not partialize The' unstooping firmness of my upright soul. Shaksp. In the morning, taking of somewhat of easy digestion, as milk, furthers nourishment: but this should be done sitting upright, that the milk may pass more speedily to Bacon's Natural History. Princes in judgment, and their delegate judges, must judge the causes of all persons uprightly and impartially, without any personal consideration. Taylor. the stomach. You have the orthography, or upright, of this groundplat, and the explanation thereof, with a scale of feel and inches. Mozon Others, with vast Typhæan rage more fell, Rend up both rocks and hills, and ride the air In whirlwind: hell scarce holds the wild uproar. Mil. UPROOT, v. a. Up and root. To tear up by the root. Orpheus could lead the savage race, And trees uprooted left their place, Sequacious of the lyre. Dryden. UPROUSE', v. a. Up and rouse. To waken from sleep; to excite to action. Thou art uproused by some distemperature. Shaksp. UPSAL, an old town of Sweden, the see of an archbishop, in a district of the same name, province of Upland, is situated on the river Sala, which divides it into two parts. Most of the private houses are of wood; but the public buildings are of stone or brick. The cathedral is large, and was erected in the thirteenth century on the model of Notre Dame at Paris. The university was founded in the fifteenth century, and the number of students at present exceeds 1000. It can boast of Linnæus, Celsus, and a number of distinguished professors; has a valuable library founded by Gustavus Adolphus, and an observatory, botanical garden, cabinets of natural history and mineralogy, &c. The royal castle and gardens, and the residence of the archbishop, are also worth notice. This town was long the residence of the Swedish monarchs, who once bore the title of kings of Upsal. The ceremony of the election and sanction given by the people took place in a neighbouring plain, where are still shown the stones on which were inscribed the name of the sovereign, and the year of his accession. The coronation of the kings of Sweden is still performed here. Population about 5000. Thirty-five miles north of Stockholm. UP'SHOT, n. s. Up and shot. end; last amount or event. Conclusion; In his lap a mass of coin he told, And turned upside down, to feed his eye And covetous desire with his huge treasure. Spenser. The flood did not so turn upside down the face of the earth, as thereby it was made past knowledge, after the Raleigh. waters were decreased. UP'SPRING, n. s. Up and spring. This word seems to signify upstart; a man suddenly exalted. Not used. The king doth wake to-night, and takes his rouse ; Keeps wassel, and the swaggering upspring reels. Shakspeare. UPSTAND', v. n. Up and stand. To be erected. Sea-calves unwonted to fresh rivers fly; The water snakes with scales upstanding die. UPSTART', v. n. & n. s. Up and start. spring up suddenly: one suddenly raised or starting up. He upstarted brave Out of the well, wherein he drenched lay, As eagle fresh out of the ocean wave. May. Το Spenser. Mushrooms have two strange properties; the one, that they yield so delicious a meat; the other, that they come up so hastily, even in a night, and yet they are unsown and therefore such as are upstarts in state, they call in reproach mushrooms. Inordinate desires, And upstart passions, catch the governmen. From reason. Bacon. Milton. UPSWARM', v. a. Up and swarm. To raise in a swarm. Out of use. You've taken up the subjects of my father, And both against the voice of heaven and him Have here upswarmed them. Shakspeare. UPTAKE', v. a. Up and take. To take into the hands. He hearkened to his reason and the child Uptaking, to the palmer gave to bear. Spenser. UPTON (James), was born at Taunton, and educated at Exeter College, Oxon, became rector of Rissington, and prebendary of Rochester He published Epictetus, 2 vols. 4to; Spenser's Faerie Queen, and Observations on Shakspeare, 8vo. UPTON-ON-SEVERN, a market-town in Pershore hundred, Worcestershire, on the banks of the Severn, ten miles south of Worcester, and 109} from London. The town is neat and well built, The church an extremely neat building, with a square tower; erected in 1758. This place carries on a considerable traffic, by barges, on the Severn, over which it has a stone bridge of six arches. Here are two banking houses, and a good charityschool for girls. Market on Thursday. Fairs first Thursday after Midlent, Thursday in Whitsunweek and before St. Matthew's day, and September. UPTRAIN', v. a. Up and train. To bring up; to educate. Not used. King Lear in happy peace long reigned, But had no issue male him to succeed, But three fair daughters, which were well uptrained Svenser. In all that seemed fit for kingly seed. UPTURN', v. a. Up and turn. To throw up; to furrow. So scented the grim feature, and upturned His nostrils wide into the murky air. Beyond all marks, with many a giddy round Down rushing, it upturns a hill of ground. Milton. Pope. UPUPA, in ornithology, a genus belonging to the order of pica. The beak is arcuated, convex, and something blunt; the tongue is obtuse, triangular, entire, and very short; and the feet are fitted for walking. There are ten species; one of which, the epops, hoopoe, or dung bird, is frequently seen in Britain. It may be readily distinguished from all others that visit this island by its beautiful crest, which it can erect or depress at pleasure. It is in length fifteen inches; the bill is black, two inches and a half long, slender, and incurvated; the irides are hazel: the crest consists of a double row of feathers, the highest about two inches long; the tips are black, their lower part of a pale orange color; the neck is of a pale reddish brown; the breast and belly white; the lesser coverts of the wings are of a light brown; the back, scapulars, and wings, crossed with broad bars of white and black; the rump is white; the tail consists of only ten feathers, white marked with black, in form of a crescent, the horns pointing towards the end of the feathers. The legs are short and black; the exterior toe is closely united at the bottom to the middle toe. According to Linnæus, it takes its name from its note, which has a sound similar to the word; or it may be derived from the French huppe, or crested: it breeds in hollow trees, and lays two ash-colored eggs: it feeds on insects, which it picks out of ordure of all kinds. Dr. Pallas affirms that it breeds in preference in putrid carcases; and that he had seen the nest of one in the privy of an uninhabited house in the suburbs of Tzaritsyn. Up and Saxon UPWARD, adj., n. s., & Į UP'WARDS, adv. [adv. S peand. Directed to a higher part; the top or highest part; towards a higher place or position; more than; toward the source of a stream. Looking inward, we are stricken dumb; looking up ward, we speak and prevail. Hooker. I have been your wife in this obedience Upward of twenty years; and have been blest With many children by you. Shakspeare. Henry VIII. Dagon, sea-monster! upward man, And downward fish. Milton. A man on a cliff is at liberty to leap twenty yards downwards into the sea, not because he has power to do the contrary action, which is to leap twenty yards upwards, for that he cannot do; but he is therefore free, because he has a power to leap, or not to leap. Locke. Be Homer's works your study; Thence form your judgment, thence your notions bring, And trace the muses upward to their spring. Pope. UPWIND', v. a. Pret. & part. pass. upwound. Up and wind. To convolve. As she lay upon the dirty ground, Iler huge long tail her den all overspread, Yet was in knots and many boughts upwound. Spenser. UR, in ancient geography, a town of Mesopotamia, situated between the Tigris and Nisibis; taken by some for Ur of the Chaldees, the residence of Abraham. What seems to confirm this is, that from Ur to Haran, the other residence of the patriarch, the road lies directly for Palestine. And it is no objection that Ur is said to be in Mesopotamia, because the parts next the Tigris were occupied by the Chaldeans, as seems to be confirmed from Acts vii. 2, 4. It is called Orche by Strabo, Orchoe by Ptolemy. The Chaldean philosophers had a kind of university in it, for teaching astronomy, astrology, magic, &c. URANIA, one of the nine Muses. She presided over Astronomy. She was the mother of Hy men the god of marriage, and of the poet Linus. She is represented by painters as very young, dressed in an azure-colored robe powdered with stars, and crowned with stars, and holding a globe in her hands, with mathematical and astronomical instruments around her. URANIA, a name of Venus, as a celestial goddess. URANIA, in astronomy. See HERSCHEL. URANIUM, uranite. This metal was discovered by Klaproth in the year 1789. It exists combined with sulphur, and a portion of iron, lead, and silex, in the mineral termed pechblende, or oxide of uranium. Combined with carbonic acid it forms the chalcolite, or green mica; and mixed with oxide of iron it constitutes the uranitic ochre. It is always found in the state of an oxide, with a greater or smaller portion of iron, or mineralised with sulphur and copper. The ores of uranium are of a blackish color, inclining to a dark iron gray, and of a moderate splendor: they are of a close texture, and, when broken, present a somewhat uneven, and, in the smallest particles, a conchoidal surface. They arefound in the mines of Saxony. Uranium exhibits a mass of small metallic globules, agglutinated together. Its color is a deep gray on the outside; in the inside it is a pale brown. It is very porous; and is so soft that it may be scraped with a knife. It has but little lustre. Its specific gravity is between eight and nine. It is more difficult to be fused than even manganese. When intensely heated with phosphate of soda and ammonia, or glacial phosphoric acid, it fuses with them into a grass-green glass. With soda or borax it melts only into a gray, opaque, scoriaceous bead. It is soluble in sulphuric, nitric, and muriatic acids. It combines with sulphur and phosphorus, and alloys with mercury. It has not yet been combined with other combustible bodies. It decomposes the nitric acid and becomes converted into a yellow oxide. The action of uranium alone upon water, &c., is still unknown, probably on account of its extreme scarcity. In order to obtain uranium the pechblende is the adhering impurities as carefully as possible. It first freed from sulphur by heat, and cleared from is then digested to nitric acid; the metallic matter that it contains is thus completely dissolved, while part of the sulphur remains undissolved, and part of it is dissipated under the form of sulphureted hydrogen gas. The solution is then precipitated by a carbonated alkali. The precipitate has a lemonyellow color when it is pure. This yellow carbonate is made into a paste with oil and exposed to a violent heat, bedded in a crucible well lined with charcoal. Klaproth obtained a metallic globule twentyeight grains in weight by forming a ball of fifty grains of the yellow carbonate with a little wax, and by exposing this ball in a crucible lined with charcoal to a heat equal to 170° of Wedgewood's pyrometer. Richter obtained in a single experi ment 100 grains of this metal, which seemed to be free from all admixture. There are probably two oxides of uranium, the protoxide, which is a grayish black, and the peroxide which is yellow. URANOS. See URANUS. The URANOSCOPUS, in ichthyology, a genus of fishes belonging to the order of jugulares. head is large, rough, and depressed, the upper jaw being shorter than the under one; there are six dentated rays in the membrane of the gills; and |