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vast muscular power, and the impenetrable defence attached to his feet, were certainly not given for his own use only. If kept in a stable without exercise, his muscular power declines, his digestive organs become diseased, and so do the organs of respiration. The hoofs grow, and there is no wear; for the little that may be worn off, merely by the pressure of his own weight when standing still, is prevented by the shoes. The toe being thus elongated, the back sinews are often strained; the foot becomes hot and inflamed, its horny covering contracts; the frogs become rotten, and incapable of performing the office for which they were designed; in short, the whole body becomes diseased. Exercise then, it is evident, is essential to his health, and even his existence; and every part of his structure and economy appear to demonstrate that he was intended for the service of man. His powers, however, are limited, and so should his exertions be: but it is a fact, which must be regretted by all considerate persons, that the immoderate work in which he is often employed, so far from being salutary, or proportionate to his strength, as undoubtedly it was designed by his Creator that it should be, is injurious, and even destructive in a very considerable degree. And what greatly aggravates the mischief is, the early and premature age at which he is commonly employed.

5. Training. When a horse is brought in for training he should be fed with hay and oats, and if greedy of water or hay, or if he appears inclined to eat his litter, he should be limited in hay and water, and be muzzled the last thing at night. For the first week he should have walking and gentle trotting exercise for an hour or two every morning. The stable should be kept clean and cool. The second week his exercise may be increased a little, and so may his oats. Should he appear, however, rather dull, the membrane of his eyes rather red or yellow on lifting the eye lid, and the dung hard in small knobs and shining or slimy, it will be advisable to bleed moderately and give a mild dose of physic, for which he should be prepared by giving two or three bran mashes a day, for two days. The fourth week he may be worked moderately, and, if wanted for hunting, he should be put into a canter or hand-gallop once a day; and after this it will be necessary to increase his pace twice or three times a week, so as to make him sweat freely; taking care that he is walked for some time afterward, that he may become rather cool before he returns to the stable, when he must be well dressed, fed, and watered, have a good bed placed under him, and be left to his repose. When a horse has been brought up from rich pasture he is generally loaded with fat, and requires a great deal of walking exercise and careful feeding. He may be trotted gently, however, after the second week, but will not be for a quicker pace for a month at least. During this time he should have two or three doses of mild physic, and when first taken up such horses generally require to be bled.

The art of training this high mettled creature, and rendering him subservient to the use of man, was once in such repute that ιπποδαμας, or

horse breaker, was thought to be a title worthy of kings and heroes, and so unaccountable was the appearance of the first men who were seen on horseback in the isles of the Gentiles, or the posterity of Javan, that some imagined the body of the horse and his rider to be mutually incorporated. But in such admiration was this art sometimes held, that the elder poets and bards seem inclined to ascribe its discovery to a superhuman agency; and with these sentiments Eschylus introduces Promethus boasting that among useful inventions he had taught mortals to render horses obedient to the yoke, and to become a sort of vicarious successors to man in his labors, as well as an ornament to the splendor of riches.

κάζευξα πρῶτος εν ζυγοῖσι κνώδαλα ζευγλαισι δουλευοντα, σευμασιν θ' όπως θνητοῖς μεγιστων διαδοχοι μοχθηματων γενοινθ', υφ ἅρματ' ηγαγον φιληνιους ίππους, αγαλλια τῆς ὑπερπλουτον χλιδῆς: 6. Soiling, feeding a horse with cut herbage. Anatomical structure of the foot. The hoof is a secretion from the living part of the foot, not wholly from the coronet, but from the living sur face which it covers, named by Mr. Coleman the laminated substance of the foot; and, by others, the elastic processes or membranes of the foot. As the quantity of horn necessary for the defence of the sensible foot is considerable, a large quantity of blood is distributed to it for the purpose, and is supplied by two large arteries which pass down on each side of the pastern; these give off considerable branches to the frog, cartilages, and coronary ring; but the trunk of the artery enters in at the posterior and inferior part of the coffin bone, and divides into eight branches within the bone, which pass out at the circumference, or angle of the toe, and give off innumerable branches about the inferior part of the laminated substance, especially about the toe. The lateral cartilages are two elastic bodies attached to the coffin bone, at its upper part, and proceeding backward, like expanded wings, terminate at the extremity of the heel; they assist in expanding the heels and quarters. The navicular, or nut bone, is placed behind the coffin bone, and is attached to it as well as to the small pastern bone, and affords a synovial or slippery surface for the flexor tendon to move upon. This part with the coffin bone forms the coffin joint.

The small pastern articulates with the coffin bone and the nut bone below, and with the great pastern above: these are all the bones comprehended in a description of the foot. The coffin bone, however, is the only one which deserves particular notice, and that on account of the peculiarity of its structure. It is completely cellular throughout, and has more blood within it than any one bone in the body, though not far from being the smallest of the whole. The great flexor tendon is inserted into the bottom of the coffin bone, and the extensor tendon on its front and upper part. Thus the sensible foot is composed of the pastern, the navicula, and the coffin bone; the lateral cartilages, the sensible frog and sole, and the laminated substance; at the

upper part of which there is a kind of cartilaginous ring which has been named by Mr. Coleman the coronary ligament, and by Mr. Bracey Clark the coronary frog band. This coronary ring, instead of terminating at the heels, is continued into the frog, and from this connexion and its situation over the lateral cartilages, it must be subject to the same motion which these parts have. When the frog then is exposed to that pressure for which it was evidently designed, it expands and contracts, and in so doing communicates a similar motion to the cartilages, the coronary ring, and the heels and quarters of the hoof.

VEVAY, a post township of the United States, and capital of Switzerland county, Indiana, on the Ohio, eight miles above the mouth of the Kentucky, and distant from Cincinnati, Louisville, and Lexington, about forty-five miles. Just below this place are the celebrated Swiss vineyards, where the culture of the vine has been introduced with good success. The settlement, called New Switzerland, was commenced in 1805, by some emigrants from Pays de Vaud. The country at the back of Vevay is hilly, but fertile.

VEX, v. a. & v. n. Lat. vero. To plague; VEXATION, n. s. torment; harass: to fret; VEX ATIOUS, adj. be uneasy: vexation is the VEX A TIOUSLY, adv. act of troubling, or state of being wexed: the adjective and adverb correspond. When she pressed him daily, so that his soul was vered unto death, he told her all his heart.

Do you think

Judges xvi. 16.

The king will suffer but the little finger
Of this man to be vered? Shakspeare. Henry VIII.
Your children were veration to your youth;
But mine shall be a comfort to your age. Shakspeare.
Albeit, the party grieved thereby may have some
reason to complain of an untrue charge, yet may he not
well call it an unjust vexation.

Ulysses gave good care, and fed
And drunke his wine, and vext and ravished
His food for mere vexation.

Bacon.

Chapman.

He leads a vexatious life, who in his noblest actions is so gored with scruples, that he dares not make a step without the authority of another. Digby.

Passions too violent, instead of heightening our pleasures, afford us nothing but veration and pain. Temple. Still may the dog the wandering troops constrain Of airy ghosts, and ver the guilty train! Dryden. Consider him maintaining his usurped title by continual vexatious wars against the kings of Judah.

Vexatious thought still found my flying mind, Nor bound by limits, nor to place confined; Haunted my nights, and terrified my days.

South.

Prior.

Ranged on the banks, beneath our equal oars, White curl the waves, and the vered ocean roars. Pope. VEXILLARII, in antiquity, signals.

SIGNAL.

See

VEXILLUM, in botany. The upper petal of a pea bloom, or butter-fly shaped flower, which is generally larger than any of the others.

VEZZANA, a small town of the Austrian states in the south of Tyrol, near Trent.

UFFCULME, or UFFCOLUMB, a market-town in Bampton hundred, on the river Columb, Devonshire, three miles north-east of Collumpton, and 160 from London. Market on Monday and Wednesday. Fairs, Wednesday before Good Friday, July 6th, and August 12th. UGʻLY, adj. Sax. oga, terror, fear; Goth. UG'LINESS, n. s. uggia. Originally written

VOL. XXII.-PART 2.

ougly. Offensive to the sight; deformed; loath-
some; hateful: the noun substantive corresponds.
All that else seemed fair and fresh in sight,
Was turned now to dreadful ugliness.

Spenser.

O, I have passed a miserable night,
So full of ugly sights of ghastly dreams. Shakspeare.
Was this the cottage, and the safe abode
Thou told'st me of? What grim aspects are these,
These ugly-headed monsters?
Milton.
She takes her topicks from the advantages of old age
and ugliness.
Dryden.
VIACHA, a settlement of Peru, in the province
of Pacages.

VIADANA, a small town of Austrian Italy,
twenty miles S. S. W. of Mantua.
VIADRUS, an ancient name of the Oder. See
SUEVUS.

VI'AL, n. s. & v. a. to enclose in a vial.

Gr. pian. A small bottle

And this distilled liquor drink thou off.
Take thou this vial, being then in bed,

Shakspeare. longing to some of the antient Romans inclosed in a Another lamp burnt in an old marble sepulchre beglass vial.

This she with precious vialled liquors heals;
For which the shepherds, at the festivals,
Carol her goodness loud in rustick lays.

Wilkins.

Milton.

Chemical waters, that are each transparent, when separate, ferment into a thick troubled liquor, when mixed in the same vial.

Addison.

VIAL DUCLAIRBOIS (Honore Sebastien), late director of the school of naval engineers, and chief of the maritime artillery at Brest, was a native of Paris, and, after having been a lieutenant in the navy, in 1754 entered the army, and served till 1777, when he resumed his former profession. The talents which he displayed in the construction of vessels procured him in 1793 the post of engineer constructor-in-chief. He had some other appointments previously to that of director of the school of engineers at Brest, which he held from 1801 till 1810, when his great age and infirm health obliged him eighty-three. He published Essai Géométrique et to retire from the service. He died in 1816, aged Pratique sur l'Architecture Navale, Brest, 1776, tion des Vaisseaux, Paris, 1787-1805, 2 vols. 4to.; 2 tom. 8vo.; Traité Elémentaire de la Construcand a translation of an English work on ShipBuilding. He was also a principal contributor to the Encyclopédie Méthodique.

VIANA, a town of Portugal, province of Entre Douro e Minho, on the north side of the river Lima, not far from its mouth, contains 8000 inhabitants, whose chief employments are navigation, fishing, and the sale of wine. They carry on also some trade in corn, oil, and fruit. Forty-two miles north of Oporto.

VI'AND, n. s. Fr. viande; Ital. vianda. Food; meat dressed.

The belly only like a gulf remained,
I' th' midst of the body idle and unactive,
Still cupboarding the viand.

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VIATKA, a government or province of European Russia, bounded on the north-east by the government of Perm, and on the south by that of Kasan. It extends from 56° to 61° N. lat.; and has an area of 47,000 square miles. The capital is of the same name. 420 miles E. N. E. of Mos

COW.

VIBRATE, v. a. & v. n. Į Latin vibro. To VIBRATION, n. s. move to and fro with quick motion; make to quiver: to quiver; play up and down or to and fro: vibration, the act of doing so, or state of being moved in this way.

Breath vocalized, that is, vibrated or undulated, may differently affect the lips, and impress a swift tremulous motion, which breath passing smooth doth not. Holder.

The air compressed by the fall and weight of the quicksilver, would repel it a little upwards, and make it vibrate a little up and down. Boyle.

Do not all fixed bodies, when heated beyond a eertain degree, emit light, and shine? And is not this emission performed by the vibrating motions of their parts?

Newton. The whisper that to greatness still too near, Perhaps, yet vibrates on his sovereign's ear. Pope. VIBRATION, in mechanics, a regular reciprocal motion of a body, as a pendulum.

VIBURNUM, in botany, a genus of plants of the class pentandria, order trigynia; and in the natural system arranged under the forty-third order, dumosa. The calyx is quinquepartite and above; the corolla divided into five laciniæ; the fruit a monospermous berry. There are nineteen species, three of which are natives of Britain. 1. V. lantana, common viburnum, wayfaring, or pliant meally tree, rises with a woody stem, branching twenty feet high, having very pliant shoots covered with a lightish-brown bark; large heart-shaped, veined, serrated leaves, white and hoary underneath; and the branches terminated by umbels of white flowers, succeeded by bunches of red berries, &c. 2. V. opulus, or gelder rose; consisting of two varieties, one with flat flowers, the other globular. The former grows eighteen or twenty feet high, branching opposite, of an irregular growth, and covered with a whitish bark; large lobated or threelobed leaves on glandulose foot-stalks, and large flat umbels of white flowers at the ends of the branches, succeeded by red berries. The latter grows fifteen or eighteen feet high, branching like the other, garnished with large lobated, or threelobed leaves, on glandular foot-stalks; and large globular umbels of white flowers at the ends of the branches in great abundance. This tree, when in bloom, exhibits a singularly fine appearance: the flowers, though small, are collected numerously into large globular umbels round like a ball; hence it is sometimes called snow-ball tree. 3. V. tinus, common laurustinus, or evergreen viburnum; grows eight or ten feet high or more, branching numerously from the bottom upwards, assuming a close bushy growth, with the branches somewhat hairy and glandulous; very closely garnished with oval, wholly entire leaves, of a strong green color, placed in pairs opposite; and whitish and red flowers collected numerously in large umbellate clusters all over the plant, at the sides and ends of the branches, from January until March or April, exhibiting a most beautiful appearance. There are many varieties.

VICA POTA, a goddess at Rome, who presided .over victory.

VIC'AR, n. s. Lat. vicarius. The incumVIC'ARAGE, bent of an appropriated or VICARIOUS, adj. impropriated benefice; a substitute or representative: a vicarage is the benefice of a vicar: vicarious, deputed, delegated, representative. Procure the vicar

To stay for me at church, 'twixt twelve and one,
To give our hearts united ceremony. Shakspeare.

The soul in the body is but a subordinate efficient, and vicarious and instrumental in the hands of the Almighty, being but his substitute in this regiment of the body. Hale.

same.

An archbishop may not only excommunicate and interdict his suffragans, but his vicar-general may do the Ayliffe. This gentleman lived in his vicarage to a good old age, and having never deserted his flock died vicar of Bray. Swift.

VICAR, a person appointed as deputy to another, to perform his functions in his absence and under his authority. In the canon law it denotes a priest of a parish, the predial tithes whereof are impropriated or appropriated; that is, belong either to a chapter, religious house, &c., or to a layman who receives them, and only allows the vicar the small tithes, or a convenient salary. See PARSON.

VICARS (John), writer of some virulent pamphlets against the royalists in the civil wars, was born at London, and educated at Oxford. He became usher of the school in Christ's Hospital. He died in 1652.

VICARY (Thomas). the first anatomical writer in English, was sergeant surgeon to Henry VIII., Edward VI., Mary I., and Elizabeth, and chief surgeon of St. Bartholomew's hospital. His book is entitled A Treasure for Englishmen, containing the Anatomy of Man's Bodie, published in 1548. VICĚ, n. s. Lat. vitium. Depravity; wickVICED, adj. edness; a course of action oppoVICIOUS. site to virtue; inordinate life; offence; fault; the fool of old shows: viced is used by Shakspeare for vicious, corrupted; depraved. Be as a planetary plague, when Jove Will o'er some high viced city hang his poison In the sick air.

No vice, so simple, but assumes
Some mark of virtue on its outward parts.
I'll be with you again

In a trice, like to the old vice,

Your need to sustain ;

Shakspeare.

Id.

Who with dagger of lath, in his rage and his wrath, Cries, Ah, ha! to the devil.

No spirit more gross to love
Vice for itself.

He heard the heavy curse,
Servants of servants on his vicious race.

Id.

Milton.

Id.

I cannot blame him for inveighing so sharply against the vices of the clergy in his age. Dryden.

The foundation of error will lie in wrong measures of probability; as the foundation of vice in wrong measures of good.

Locke.

VICE, n. s. & v. a. Fr. vis; Belg. vijs. A screw, or press operating by screws; hence gripe, grasp to draw by a kind of violence; to gripe. With all confidence he swears,

As he had seen 't or been an instrument
To vice you to it, that you have touched his queen
Forbiddenly.
Shakspeare.
He found that marbles taught him percussion; bottle-
screws, the vice; whirligigs, the axis in peritrochio.
Arbuthnot on Pope.

VICE, in smithery and other arts conversant m

metals, a machine or instrument serving to hold tast any thing they are at work upon, whether it is to be beaten, filed, or rivetted.

VICE, in ethics, is ordinarily defined an elective habit, denoting either an excess or defect from the just medium wherein virtue is placed.

VICE is also used in the composition of divers words to denote the relation of something that comes instead or in the place of another; as vice-admiral, vice-chancellor, &c., are officers who take place in the absence of admirals, &c.

VICEAD'MIRAL, n. s. Į Lat. vice (very comVICEAD MIRALTY. monly used in composition for one qui vicem gerit who performs in his stead the office of a superior) and admiral. The second commander of a fleet: the station or office of a viceadmiral.

The foremost of the fleet was the admiral; the rearadmiral was Cara Mahometes, an arch pirate. The viceadmiral in the middle of the fleet, with a great squadron of galleys, struck sail directly.

Knolles.

The viceadmiralty is exercised by Mr. Trevanion.

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his church. The authority of conscience stands founded upon its vicegerency and deputation under God.

South.

VICENZA, a town and province of Austrian Italy, in the government of Venice. It is a fertile and well cultivated country, containing, on a superficial extent of less than 1000 square miles, above 310,000 inhabitants. The capital has 25,000 inhabitants.

VICEROY, n. s. Į French viceroi. He who VICEROYALTY. S governs in place of a king with regal authority: the office of a viceroy. Shall I, for lucre of the rest unvanquished, Detract so much from that prerogative, As to be called but viceroy of the whole? Shakspeare. These parts furnish our viceroyalties for the grandees; but in war are incumbrances to the kingdom.

Addison.

VI'CETY, n. s. A nice thing, says Johnson, is called in vulgar language point vice, from the Fr. point devise, or point de vice; whence the barbarous word vicety may be derived. Nicety; exactA word not used. Here is the fruit of Pem, Grafted upon Stub his stem; With the peakish nicety, And old Sherewood's vicety.

ness.

Ben Jonson.

VICIA, in botany, a genus of plants of the class diadelphia, and order of decandria; natural order thirty-second, papilionacea. The stigma is bearded transversely on the lower side. There are twenty species, seven of which are natives of Britain. The most important of these are, 1. V. cracca, tufted vetch. It has a stem branched, three or four feet long. Leaves pinnated; pinnæ generally ten

or twelve pair, lance-shaped, downy. Stipulæ en tire. Flowers purple, numerous, pendulous, in im. bricated spikes. It is also reckoned an excellent fodder for cattle. 2. V. faba, or common garden bean. It is a native of Egypt. It is too well known to require description. 3. V. sativa, common vetch, or tare. The stalks are round, weak, branched, about two feet long. Pinnæ five or seven pair, a little hairy, notched at the end. Stipulæ dentated. Flowers light and dark purple, on short pedicles, generally two together; pods erect; seeds black. It is known to be an excellent fodder for horses.

VIC'INAL, adj. VICINE,

VICINITY, n. s.

Lat. vicinus. Near; neighbouring: state of being near.

The position of things is such, that there is a vicinity invades the other. between agents and patients, that the one incessantly Hale.

Opening other vicine passages might obliterate any attack; as the making of one hole in the yielding mud defaces the print of another near it.

Glanville.

Gravity alone must have carried them downwards to the vicinity of the sun. Bentley. The abundance and vicinity of country seats. Swift. VICISSITUDE, n. s. Lat. vicissitudo. Regular change; return of the same things in the same succession; revolution.

Grateful vicissitude, like day and night.
It makes through heaven

Milton.

The rays of light are alternately disposed to be reflected or refracted for many vicissitudes. Newton. During the course of the war, did the vicissitudes of good and bad fortune affect us with humility or thankfulness. Atterbury. thing slain for a sacrifice; something destroyed. VICTIM, n. s. Lat. victima. A sacrifice; someAll that were authors of so black a deed, Be sacrificed as victims to his ghost. Clitumnus' waves, for triumphs after war, The victim ox, and snowy sheep prepare.

Denham.

Addison.

Behold where age's wretched victim lies! See his head trembling, and his half-closed eyes.

VICTOR, n. s. VICTO'RIOUS, adj. VICTORIOUSLY, adv. VICTORY, n. s. VIC'TRESS.

Prior.

Lat. victor. Conqueror; vanquisher; he that gains advantage in any contest. Seldom used with a genitive; we say the conqueror of kingdoms, not the victor of kingdoms; and never but with regard to some single action or person as we never say, Cæsar was in general a great victor, but that he was victor at Pharsalia : the adjective and adverb correspond a victory is a conquest; triumph; success in battle: victress, a female

conqueror.

:

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I'll lead thy daughter to a conqueror's bed; And she shall be sole victress; Cæsar's Cæsar. Id. ed, than by the valour of the victorious. Victory doth more often fall by error of the vanquishHayward. That grace will carry us, if we do not wilfully betray our succours, victoriously through all difficulties.

Киттопа,
Denham.
Then to the heaven of heavens he shall ascend,
With victory, triumphing o'er his foes. Milton

And now the victors fall.
Their hearts at last the vanquished re-assume,

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He died 1585.

VICTORY, in mythology, is represented by Hesiod as the daughter of Styx and Pallas; and Varro calls her the daughter of heaven and earth. The Romans erected a temple to her, where they prayed for success to their arms. They painted her in the form of a woman clad in cloth of gold. In some medals she is represented flying in the air, holding a laurel crown in one hand, and a palm in the other; but in others she stands on a globe. VICTUAL, n. s. & Fr. victuailles; barb. Lat. VICT'UALS, [v.a.victulus, of Lat. vitalis. ProVICT'UALLER. Svision of food; stores for the

support of life; meat; sustenance: to victual is to store with provisions: victualler, one who provides

them.

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VIDA, the ancient name of Cremona. VIDA (Mark Jerome), bishop of Alva, in Montserrat, and one of the most excellent Latin poets that have appeared since the Augustine age, was born at Cremona in 1470. He was made bishop of Alva in 1552. He wrote hymns, eclogues and poems, in Latin; and in prose, dialogues, synodical constitutions, letters, and other pieces. He died in 1566, soon after his being made bishop of Cremona. The best edition of his poems is that of Oxford, 3 vols. 8vo.

VIE, v. a. & v. n. Fr. vier. To show or practise in competition; rival: contest; strive for superiority.

She hung about my neck, and kiss and kiss She vied so fast,

Shakspeare.

That in a twink she won me to her love.
They vie power and expence with those that are too
high.
L'Estrange.

The wool, when shaded with Ancona's dye,
May with the proudest Tyrian purple vie.

Now voices over voices rise;

While each to be the loudest vies.

Addison.

Swift.

VIENNA, Germ. Wien, the capital of the Austrian empire, is situated in the province of Lower Austria, on the right bank of the Danube, which is here slow and majestic in its course, forming a number of islands and windings. It is joined by the Wien and Alser, two streams, small but rapid, which flow through the town. Vienna is subject

to occasional inundations from each of these rivers.

The city, or original part, forms a town distinct from the suburbs, of a circular shape, hardly a mile in any direction, and not above three miles in circuit. Between it and the suburbs is an open space, also circular, and of the width of somewhat more than half a mile, the computed range of cannon in a remote age. The suburbs, consisting formerly of a succession of scattered villages, are now so connected as to form a continuous whole, surrounded on the outside by a wall which embraces a circuit of no less than twelve miles. The ramparts have long been used for public walks.

The houses of the city in general built of brick, slated, and most of the streets are paved with yenite, a little raised above the causeway. In the suburbs the houses are not so high, the streets are wider, and many of the buildings good. In general the best houses are those which front the city. Some of the streets here are not paved: but are all well lighted at night; and in the city there are large subterranean sewers, which discharge themselves into the Danube. Vienna has eight small and irregular squares. The best is that called Am Hof, on account of its vicinity to the court. The Graben is rather a wide street than a square, and stands nearly in the centre of the city. The Joseph Platz contains a good equestrian statue of the emperor Joseph II., and has various good buildings.

At the western extremity is situated the imperial palace, a square edifice of vast extent; but, having been built at different periods, the appearance of the exterior is very irregular. The interior is highly interesting, on account of the valuable collections which it contains. The riding academy here is said to be one of the largest in Europe; but it is surpassed by an assembly-room called the hall of Apollo, which is capable of containing 10,000 people. The Belvidere, a palace built by prince Eugene, is in one of the suburbs. The imperial mews are capable of containing more than 400 horses; the arsenal has an immense collection of arms, and many curious ornaments, of iron. All these edifices belong either to government or the imperial family.

besides fourteen monasteries, and three convents. Of the churches the whole number is twenty-nine,

The ancient Gothic cathedral is dedicated to St.

Stephen, and dates from 1270. The interior is elegant and simple, containing several fine monu ments, particularly that erected to prince Eugene. Its tower is of enormous height. The church of gustinians, the ceremonies connected with the imSt Peter is in the Italian style. In that of the Auperial family are performed; and it contains perhaps the most interesting monument in Vienna— that erected to the archduchess Maria Christina, by her husband, considered a master-piece of Canova's.

The great hospital, equal in extent to any in Paris or London, receives often 10,000 patients in the course of a year: there are separate hospitals for soldiers, Jews, foundlings, orphans, and aged persons. Several of these charitable establishments

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