4. Comment on the historical references contained in this passage.

PART III

Translate the following passage:

(Euryalus and Nisus are discovered by horsemen of the Latins.) Interea praemissi equites ex urbe Latina,

367

cetera dum legio campis instructa moratur,
ibant et Turno regi responsa ferebant,

ter centum, scutati1 omnes, Volcente magistro.

370

Iamque propinquabant castris murosque subibant

cum procul hos laevo flectentis limite cernunt,
et galea Euryalum sublustri2 noctis in umbra

prodidit immemorem radiisque adversa refulsit.

Haud temere est visum. Conclamat ab agmine Volcens:

375

'State, viri. Quae causa viae? Quive estis in armis?
Quove tenetis iter?' Nihil illi tendere contra,
sed celerare fugam in silvas et fidere nocti.
Obiciunt equites sese ad divortia3 nota

hinc atque hinc, omnemque abitum custode coronant.
Silva fuit late dumis atque ilice nigra

380

horrida, quam densi complerant undique sentes,*
rara per occultos lucebat semita callis.5
Euryalum tenebrae ramorum onerosaque praeda
impediunt, fallitque timor regione viarum.
Nisus abit; iamque imprudens evaserat hostis
atque locos qui post Albae de nomine dicti
Albani.

385

-Virgil Aen. 9. 367-388

1 Compare scutum, shield. 2 dim. forks in the roads. 4 brambles. paths, ways.

1. Write out verses 375 and 376, divide them into feet, and mark the quantities of the syllables and the chief caesuras.

2. What is the principal difference between Latin and English verse?

3. How far, according to Virgil, does Fate determine the actions of Aeneas?

PART IV

Translate into Latin, paying careful attention to word order and marking the quantities of the penults:

When the Senator from Indiana was speaking of this dreadful war, he declared that we should be worthy of scorn' if we were to disregard what the war had taught. "For," said he, "the times are changed, and our policies must be changed in accordance with the times. Don't you realize that during these years, owing to the scarcity of our ships, not even our wealthiest cities have been safe? We are very like the foolish bird which, to avoid danger, hides its head in the sand." Let us, therefore, my friends, urge the American people to take the necessary action. For I myself have no doubt that, now the matter has been clearly stated, you all think as I do." 1 contemptio. 4 pro. paucitas. 6 stultus. arena. 8 = to do what is necessary. (Board, Comprehensive.)

7

3 ratio. 2 neglego.

5

121.

PART III (A)

VERGIL QUESTIONS

AND

PASSAGES IN POETRY FOR TRANSLATION

AENEIDOS LIBER I

Illi se praedae accingunt dapibusque futuris:
Tergora deripiunt costis et viscera nudant,

Pars in frusta secant veribusque trementia figunt,
Litore aëna locant alii flammasque ministrant.
Tum victu revocant viris, fusique per herbam
Implentur veteris Bacchi pinguisque ferinae.
Postquam exempta fames epulis mensaeque remotae,
Amissos longo socios sermone requirunt,

Spemque metumque inter dubii seu vivere credant
Sive extrema pati nec iam exaudire vocatos.

210

215

Where and under what circumstances did this incident take place? Explain the number of figunt (212). Explain the derivation of aẽna (213). Explain the figure illustrated in Bacchi (215). Give the principal parts of requirunt (217). Restore credant (218) to its form in direct discourse.

122.

"Antenor potuit, mediis elapsus Achivis,
Illyricos penetrare sinus atque intima tutus
Regna Liburnorum, et fontem superare Timavi,
Unde per ora novem vasto cum murmure montis
It mare proruptum et pelago premit arva sonanti.
Hic tamen ille urbem Patavi sedesque locavit
Teucrorum, et genti nomen dedit armaque fixit
Troia, nunc placida compostus pace quiescit.
Nos, tua progenies, caeli quibus adnuis arcem,
Navibus, infandum! amissis, unius ob iram
Prodimur atque Italis longe disiungimur oris."

(Board.)

245

250

Who was Antenor? Explain case of Achivis (242). What is the metrical license in compostus (249)? Explain the syntax of infandum (251). What is the difference between ob (251) and propter?

123.

"His ego nec metas rerum nec tempora pono,
imperium sine fine dedi. Quin aspera Iuno,
quae mare nunc terrasque metu caelumque fatigat,
consilia in melius referet mecumque fovebit

(Board.)

280

Romanos, rerum dominos, gentemque togatam.
Sic placitum. Veniet lustris labentibus aetas
cum domus Assaraci Phthiam clarasque Mycenas
servitio premet ac victis dominabitur Argis.
Nascetur pulchra Troianus origine Caesar,
imperium Oceano, famam qui terminet astris,
Iulius, a magno demissum nomen Iulo.
Hunc tu olim caelo, spoliis Orientis onustum,
accipies secura; vocabitur hic quoque votis.
Aspera tum positis mitescent saecula bellis;
cana Fides et Vesta, Remo cum fratre Quirinus
iura dabunt; dirae ferro et compagibus artis
claudentur Belli portae; Furor impius intus
saeva sedens super arma et centum vinctus aenis
post tergum nodis fremet horridus ore cruento."

285

290

295

(a) By whom were these words spoken? To whom? In what connection?

(b) Discuss verses 278-282 and 286-288 with reference to the purpose of the Aeneid.

(c) To what historical event do verses 284, 285 refer? Explain the references in Assaraci, Phthiam, Mycenas.

(d) Who were Caesar (286), Iulo (288), Quirinus (292)?

(e) What is the point of aspera (279), Troianus (286)?

(f) What does Vergil mean by Oceano in 287?

(g) How was the prophecy caelo accipies (289, 290) fulfilled?

(h) Explain the allusion in claudentur Belli portae (294).

(i) Copy verse 287, and indicate the quantity of each syllable, the division into feet, and the principal caesura.

124.

(Board.)

Sic Venus, et Veneris contra sic filius orsus:
"Nulla tuarum audita mihi neque visa sororum,
O-quam te memorem, virgo? Namque haud tibi voltus
mortalis, nec vox hominem sonat.

O dea certe!

An Phoebi soror? An Nympharum sanguinis una?
Sis felix nostrumque leves, quaecumque, laborem
et quo sub caelo tandem, quibus orbis in oris
iactemur doceas; ignari hominumque locorumque
erramus, vento huc vastis et fluctibus acti.

Multa tibi ante aras nostra cadet hostia dextra."
(a) Under what circumstances were these words spoken?

325

330

(b) Tell in what case mihi (326) is, and why this case is used. What kind of accusative is hominem (328)?

(c) Tell in what mood memorem (327) is, and why this mood is used. (d) Explain the allusion in Phoebi soror (329).

(e) Write the principal parts of orsus (325).

(f) In what way does the scansion help you to determine the meaning in verse 334?

(g) Copy verses 326 and 327, and indicate the quantity of each syllable, the division into feet, and the principal caesuras.

125.

quibus aut venistis ab oris?

"Sed vos qui tandem?

Quaerenti talibus ille

quove tenetis iter?"

(Board.)

350

suspirans imoque trahens a pectore vocem:
"O`dea, si prima repetens ab origine pergam
et vacet annalis nostrorum audire laborum,
ante diem clauso componet Vesper Olympo.
Nos Troia antiqua, si vestras forte per auris
Troiae nomen iit, diversa per aequcra vectos
forte sua Libycis tempestas appulit oris.
Sum pius Aeneas, rapios qui ex hoste penatis
classe veho mecum, fama super aethera notus.
Italiam quaero patriam et genus ab Iove summo."

375

380

With whom and where is Aeneas here talking? Explain the meaning of Vesper and of Olympo. What have you read in Virgil about the penates? Why is Italy called patriam? Why did Aeneas wish to go there? How did Juno try to prevent him from going there and why? (Harvard.)

126.

Interea ad templum non aequae Palladis ibant
crinibus Iliades passis peplumque ferebant,
suppliciter tristes et tunsae pectora palmis:
diva solo fixos oculos aversa tenebat.

Ter circum Iliacos raptaverat Hectora muros
exanimumque auro corpus vendebat Achilles.
Tum vero ingentem gemitum dat pectore ab imo,
ut spolia, ut currus, utque ipsum corpus amici
tendentemque manus Priamum conspexit inermes.
Se quoque principibus permixtum agnovit Achivis,
Eoasque acies et nigri Memnonis arma.
Ducit Amazonidum lunatis agmina peltis
Penthesilea furens mediisque in milibus ardet,
aurea subnectens exsertae cingula mammae,
bellatrix, audetque viris concurrere virgo.

480

485

490

(a) Explain the construction of pectora (481), peltis (490), viris (493). Who it the subject of dat (485)?

(b) Mention some of the principes Achivi. Who was Memnon? Who were the Amazons?

(c) Copy verses 485, 486, 488 and mark the scansion.

127.

Haec dum Dardanio Aeneae miranda videntur, dum stupet obtutuque haeret defixus in uno, regina ad templum, forma pulcherrima Dido, incessit magna iuvenum stipante caterva.

(Vassar.)

495

Qualis in Eurotae ripis aut per iuga Cynthi

exercet Diana choros, quam mille secutae

hinc atque hinc glomerantur Oreades (illa pharetram

500

fert umero, gradiensque deas supereminet omnis;
Latonae tacitum pertemptant gaudia pectus),

talis erat Dido, talem se laeta ferebat
per medics, instans operi regnisque futuris.
Tum foribus divae, media testudine templi,
saepta armis solioque alte subnixa resedit.
Iura dabat legesque viris, operumque laborem
partibus aequabat iustis aut sorte trahebat.

505

(a) What had caused the feeling described in the first two verses of this passage?

(b) What are the two important elements in this description of Dido? Why was Aeneas already disposed to sympathize with her? (c) Where were the iuga Cynthi (498)?

(d) Who were the Oreades (500)?

(e) Copy verses 494 and 495, and indicate the quantity of each syllable, the division into feet, and the principal caesuras.

(f) What place in the temple is indicated by the words of verse 505?

128.

(Board.)

520

525

Postquam introgressi et coram data copia fandi, Maximus Ilioneus placido sic pectore coepit: “O regina, novam cui condere Iuppiter urbem Iustitiaque dedit gentis frenare superbas, Troes te miseri, ventis maria omnia vecti, Oramus: prohibe infandos a navibus ignis, Parce pio generi et propius res aspice nostras. Non nos aut ferro Libycos populare Penatis Venimus aut raptas ad litora vertere praedas; Non ea vis animo nec tanta superbia victis." To whom and in what circumstances was the foregoing appeal made? Scan the first verse, and point out and describe the figure of prosody illustrated. Either point out the significance of the order of the words in Troes te miseri or comment on the mood of vertere. Explain the figure illustrated in Libycos Penatis. Give the syntax of either maria or victis. Explain the derivation of either frenare or infandos. (Board.)

129.

Tum breviter Dido vultum demissa profatur:
"Solvite corde metum, Teucri, secludite curas.
Res dura et regni novitas me talia cogunt
moliri et late finis custode tueri.

Quis genus Aeneadum, quis Troiae nesciat urbem,
virtutesque virosque aut tanti incendia belli?
Non obtunsa adeò gestamus pectora Poeni,
nec tam aversus equos Tyria Sol iungit ab urbe.
Seu vos Hesperiam magnam Saturniaque arva
sive Erycis finis regemque optatis Acesten,
auxilio tutos dimittam opibusque iuvabo."

(a) Under what circumstances does Dido speak these words?
(b) Explain the syntax of vultum (561).

530

565

570

Of what facts is Dido thinking when she says res dura et regni novitas (563)?

(d) Write the longer form of Aeneadum (565).

(e) State in simple English the thought which is expressed figuratively in verse 568.

(f) Why was,Italy called Hesperiam (569)? Where were the Erycis finis (570)?

(g) Copy verses 568 and 569, and indicate the quantity of each syllable, the division into feet, and the principal caesuras. (Board.)