(b) Decline ille(2) in the neuter singular and plural, res(3), cives(8), immortalibus(15) in the neuter singular and plural, hominis(22).

Write the nominative singular of neminem(11), dis(14), salutis (20), imperi (21).

Compare brevissime("), impudentem(12) ̧

(c) Tell in what mood and what tense each of the following verbs is, and why this mood and this tense are used: gesserit(), fuisse (13), auderet (16)

(d) Give the principal parts of gesserit(6), auderet (16), debetis(24).

Conjugate dicam (10) in the present imperative active and the perfect indicative active, detulerunt(17) in the present indicative passive and the imperfect subjunctive passive, facitis (23) in the future indicative active and the pluperfect subjunctive active.

Write all the infinitives of dicam (10), naming each.

(e) Explain the derivation of voluntatibus, immortalibus.

(f) Divide the following words into their syllables, and indicate the quantity of their penults and final syllables and their accent: impudentem, auderet, detulerunt, imperi, ipsius. (Board.)

(g) (1) What was the purpose of the proposed law which Cicero was supporting in this speech? (2) Give the third person singular of the future indicative active of gesserit). (3) State exactly the grammatical form of sum praedicaturus(1).

(h) Cicero Requests the Opposing Counsel to be Brief.-Unum hoc_abs te, L. Quincti, velim impetrare, ut ita tibi multum temporis ad dicendum sumas, ut his aliquid ad iudicandum relinquas. Namque antea non defensionis tuae modus, sed nox tibi finem dicendi fecit; nunc, si tibi placere potest, ne idem facias, id abs te postulo. Neque hoc idcirco postulo, quod te aliquid censeam praeterire oportere, verum ut semel una quaque de re dicas; quod si facies, non vereor, ne dicendo dies eximatur.

(i) Translate into Latin:

1. Wherefore set out for your camp. Do not fear that I shall detain you in the city; for who is there who will not rather rejoice at your departure?

2. Fellow citizens, we must place this man in charge of all our ships if we wish to drive the pirates from the sea.

3. There is no doubt that our men fought far more bravely than the soldiers of the enemy.

4. I think we would easily defeat them if we should seize the higher ground.

5. They would burn their own towns for the sake of destroying the Romans who are in them. (Princeton.)

64. Quae civitas antea umquam fuit, non dico Atheniensium, quae satis late quondam mare tenuisse dicitur, non Karthaginiensium, qui permultum classe ac maritimis rebus valuerunt, non Rhodiorum, quorum usque ad nostram memoriam disciplina navalis et gloria remansit; quae civitas, inquam, antea tam tenuis, quae tam parva insula fuit, quae non portus suos et agros et aliquam partem regionis atque orae maritimae per se ipsa defenderet? At hercule aliquot annos continuos ante legem Gabiniam ille populus Romanus, cuius usque ad nostram memoriam nomen invictum in navalibus pugnis permanserit,

magna ac multo maxima parte non modo utilitatis, sed dignitatis atque imperi caruit; nos, . . qui antea non modo Italiam tutam habebamus, sed omnes socios in ultimis oris auctoritate nostri imperi salvos praestare poteramus, tum, cum insula Delos, tam procul a nobis in Aegaeo mari posita, quo omnes undique cum mercibus atque oneribus commeabant, referta divitiis, parva, sine muro nihil timebat, eidem non modo provinciis atque oris Italiae maritimis ac portubus nostris, sed etiam Appia iam via carebamus; et eis temporibus non pudebat magistratus populi Romani in hunc ipsum locum ascendere, cum eum nobis maiores nostri exuviis nauticis et classium spoliis ornatum reliquissent!—54, 55. (1) What was the Lex Gabinia? When was it passed?

(2) At what time and to what extent did the three states mentioned in the first sentence claim supremacy over the sea?

(3) What would be the results if Rome lost her control of the sea? (4) For what was Delos celebrated in antiquity? Why does Cicero single it out in this passage?

(5) Name and locate the principal ports of Italy in the time of Cicero.

(6) Explain hunc ipsum locum in the last sentence. Why does Cicero call attention to it in this passage? (Wellesley.)

65. Quid tam inusitatum quam ut, cum duo consules clarissimi fortissimique essent, eques Romanus ad bellum maximum formidolosissimumque pro consule mitteretur? Missus est. Quo quidem tempore, cum esset non nemo in senatu qui diceret non oportere mitti hominem privatum pro consule, L. Philippus dixisse dicitur non se illum sua sententia pro consule, sed pro consulibus mittere. Tanta in eo rei publicae bene gerendae spes constituebatur ut duorum consulum munus unius adulescentis virtuti committeretur...62.

Point out the bearing of the opening sentence on the general argument and explain the reference in duo consules, eques Romanus, and bellum maximum. Account for the mood of esset; mention the leading verb by which, under the law of the sequence of tenses, the tense of esset is determined. What was the legal objection made by the senators referred to in non nemo, and how was the force of this objection affected by the clever retort of Philippus? Give the composition of nemo. Explain the derivation of senatu. (Board.)

66. Qua re videant1 ne sit periniquum3 et non ferendum illorum auctoritatem de Cn. Pompei dignitate a vobis comprobatam semper esse, vestrum ab illis de eodem homine iudicium populi Romani auctoritatem improbari, praesertim cum iam suo iure populus Romanus in hoc homine suam auctoritatem vel contra omnis qui dissentiunt possit' defendere, propterea quod isdem istis reclamantibus vos unum illum ex omnibus delegistis, quem bello praedonum praeponeretis. Hoc si vos temere fecistis et rei publicae parum consuluistis, recte isti studia vestra suis consiliis regere conantur. Sin autem vos plus tum in re publica vidistis,10 vos iis repugnantibus per vosmet ipsos dignitatem huic imperio, salutem orbi terrarum attulistis, aliquando isti12 principes et sibi et ceteris populi Romani universi auctoritati1 parendum1 fateantur. Atque in hoc bello Asiatico et regio non solum militaris illa virtus, quae est in Cn. Pompeio singularis, sed aliae quoque virtutes

esse

animi magnae et multae requiruntur. Difficile est in Asia, Cilicia, Syria regnisque interiorum nationum ita versari nostrum imperatorem, ut nihil aliud nisi de hoste ac de laude cogitet. Deinde etiam si qui sunt pudore1 ac temperantia moderatiores, tamen eos esse talis propter multitudinem cupidorum hominum nemo arbitratur.-63-65.

Describe the events that led to the war against Mithridates. Write briefly about the career of this Mithridates. What allies had he in this war? What generals had previously led the Roman armies against him? How does Cicero describe their results? What reasons are urged by Cicero for Pompey's appointment? What were the objections to his appointment?

Explain the reference in tum(9) and in iis(11). Who are meant by isti(12) principes? Account for the case of sibi(13) and of pudore(17). (Williams.) (a) Explain briefly Cicero's argument in this passage.

(b) What is the force of dis in dissentiunt()? What meaning is there in isti(12) which illi would not have?

(c) Explain the derivation of periniquum, dignitate, repugnantibus. (d) Tell in what case the following words are and why that case is used: periniquum3); iudicium); iis); ceteris(14); auctoritati (15).

(e) Tell in what mood each of the following verbs is, and why that mood is used: videant; possit(); praeponeretis(); parendum esse(16). Tell in what tenses each of the following verbs is, and why that tense is used: sit(2); comprobatam esse(4); which use of the perfect is found in vidistis(10)?

(f) What is the object of videant(1); the subject of sit?)? Why is auctoritatem parendam not used instead of auctoritati parendum(15,16)?

67. General Questions on the Manilian Law.

(Board.)

1. Give the date and occasion of this speech? What office did Cicero then hold, and what reference did he make to it in the speech? 2. What was the method of enacting a law in Rome? Cite references to the different steps in this speech.

3. Give the main points in the speaker's affirmative argument; the objections and his answer to those.

4. Arrange in order the chief events in Pompey's career as shown in the oration.

5. Give a brief account of the war with Mithridates from the beginning to its conclusion. Name the commanders before Pompey, and tell what each did.

PRO ARCHIA

68. Erat Italia tum plena Graecarum artium ac disciplinarum studiaque haec et in Latio vehementius tum colebantur quam nunc iisdem in oppidis et hic Romae propter tranquillitatem rei publicae non neglegebantur. Itaque hunc et Tarentini et Regini et Neapolitani civitate ceterisque praemiis donarunt et omnes qui aliquid de ingeniis poterant iudicare, cognitione atque hospitio dignum existimarunt. Hac tanta celebritae famae cum esset iam absentibus notus, Romam venit Mario consule et Catulo. Nactus est primum consules eos quorum alter res

ad scribendum maximas, alter cum res gestas tum etiam studium atque aures adhibere posset.-5.

On what grounds did Archias claim Roman citizenship? Who questioned this claim and why? What political significance had the trial? What was its outcome? (Yale.)

69. Cum hic domicilium Romae multos iam annos haberet,1 professus est apud praetorem Q. Metellum familiarissimum suum. Si nihil aliud nisi de civitate ac lege dicimus, nihil dico amplius; causa dicta est. Quid enim horum infirmari, Grati, potest? Heracliaene esse eum ascriptum negabis? Adest vir summa auctoritate et religione et fide, M. Lucullus, qui se non opinari sed scire, non audivisse sed vidisse, non interfuisse sed egisse dicit. Adsunt Heraclienses legati, nobilissimi homines; huius iudici causa cum mandatis et cum publico testimonio venerunt, qui hunc ascriptum Heracliensem dicunt.-7, 8.

(a) What was the charge against Archias? What penalty would have been imposed upon him if the case had gone against him? What was his legal defense?

(b) Where was Heraclia?

(c) Explain the tense of haberet(1).

(Board.)

70. Census nostros requiris. Scilicet1; est enim obscurum proximis (2) censoribus hunc cum clarissimo imperatore L. Lucullo apud exercitum fuisse; superioribus, cum eodem quaestore() fuisse in Asia; primis,(4) Iulio et Crasso, nullam populi partem esse censam. Sed quoniam census non ius civitatis confirmat ac tantum modo indicat eum qui sit census ita se iam tum gessisse pro cive, iis temporibus quem tu criminaris ne ipsius quidem iudicio in civium Romanorum iure esse versatum, et testamentum saepe fecit nostris legibus et adiit hereditates civium Romanorum et in beneficiis(6) ad aerarium delatus est a L. Lucullo pro consule. Quaere argumenta, si quae potes; numquam enim hic neque suo neque amicorum iudicio revincetur.-11.

(a) What was the object of the Roman census? How often was one made? In what sense is primis(4) used?

(b) What force does scilicet) give to the sentence?

(c) What war was being fought at the time indicated by quaestore? Who was the Roman commander in this war? In what capacity was Archias apud exercitum?

(d) What is the point of Cicero's argument in the sentence beginning sed quoniam(5)? Explain the meaning of in beneficiis ad aerarium delatus est(). (Board.)

What was Cicero's age and his position at Rome at the time when he delivered the speech for Archias? For what reasons did he feel under special obligations to Archias? Explain accurately the references in proximis censoribus(2), superioribus(3), and primis(4), (Yale.)

7

71. Quaeres1 a nobis, Grati, cur tanto opere hoc homine delectemur. Quia suppeditat nobis ubi et animus ex hoc forensi strepitu reficiatur et aures convicio defessae conquiescant. An tu existimas aut suppetere nobis posse quod cottidie dicamus in tanta varietate rerum,' nisi animos nostros doctrina excolamus,10 aut ferre animos tantam posse

contentionem, nisi eos11 doctrina eadem12 relaxemus? Ego vero fateor me his studiis esse deditum.13 Ceteros pudeat,14 si qui ita se litteris15 abdiderunt16 ut nihil possint1 ex iis neque ad communem18 adferre fructum1o neque in aspectum lucemque proferre20; me autem quid pudeat, qui tot annos21 ita vivo,22 iudices, ut a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo23 aut otium meum abstraxerit24 aut voluptas avocarit25 aut denique somnus retardarit? Qua re quis tandem me reprehendat, aut quis mihi iure suscenseat, si, quantum ceteris ad suas res obeundas, quantum ad festos dies ludorum26 celebrandos, quantum ad alias voluptates et ad ipsam requiem animi et corporis conceditur temporum,2 quantum alii tribuunt tempestivis conviviis, quantum denique alveolo, quantum pilae, tantum mihi28 egomet ad haec studia recolenda sumpsero?-12, 13.

(1) Decline in full nobis, rerum(9), eos(11), litteris(15), fructum(19), ludorum (26).

(2) Conjugate quaeres) in the pluperfect subjunctive active, reficia tur(5) in the imperfect subjunctive passive, conquiescant(") in the present imperative active, abdiderunt(16) in the future indicative active, abstraxerit (24) in the imperfect subjunctive active.

(3) Write all the infinitives of reficiatur (5), naming each.

(4) Write the accusative singular of opere(2), the nominative singular neuter of eadem (12), the nominative plural neuter of communem (18).

(5) Write the principal parts of excolamus(10), proferre(20), vivo (22), avocarit (25)

(6) Tell in what case each of the following words is, and why this case is used: nobis(4), convicio(), annos(21), commodo(23), temporum(27), mihi (28).

(7) Tell in what mood each of the following verbs is, and why this mood is used: delectemur(3), reficiatur (5), excolamus(10), pudeat (14), possint(17).

(8) Tell in what tense each of the following verbs is, and why this tense is used: dicamus(8), esse deditum (13), possint(17), vivo(22), abstraxerit(4). (9) Explain the derivation of forensi, reficiatur, conviviis.

(10) What is the gerundive? Explain its use in ad suas res obeundas. (11) Divide the following words into their syllables, mark the quantity of their penults and final syllables, and indicate the accent: forensi, abdiderunt, nullius, requiem, temporum. (Board.)

72. Nam nisi multorum praeceptis multisque litteris mihi ab adulescentia suasissem, nihil esse in vita magno opere expetendum nisi laudem atque honestatem, in ea autem persequenda omnis cruciatus corporis, omnia pericula mortis atque exsili parvi esse ducenda, numquam me pro salute vestra in tot ac tantas dimicationes atque in hos profligatorum hominum cotidianos impetus obiecissem. Sed pleni omnes sunt libri, plenae sapientium voces, plena exemplorum vetustas: quae iacerent in tenebris omnia, nisi litterarum lumen accederet. Quam multas nobis imagines-non solum ad intuendum, verum etiam ad imitandum-fortissimorum virorum expressas scriptores et Graeci et Latini reliquerunt?-14.

Who was Archias? State the case against him and the legal arguments advanced by Cicero in his defence. What relations had existed