So from the first eternal Order ran,

And creature link'd to creature, man to man.

Whate'er of life all-quick'ning ether keeps,

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Or breathes through air, or shoots beneath the deeps,
Or pours profuse on earth, one nature feeds
The vital flame, and swells the genial seeds.
Not man alone, but all that roam the wood,
Or wing the sky, or rell along the flood,
Each loves itself, but not itself alone,
Each sex desires alike, till two are one.
Nor ends the pleasure with the fierce embrace;
They love themselves, a third time, in their race.
Thus beast and bird their common charge attend,
The mothers nurse it, and the sires defend;
The young dismiss'd to wander earth or air,
There stops the instinct, and there ends the care

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The link dissolves, each seeks a fresh embrace,
Another love succeeds, another race.

A longer care man's helpless kind demands;
That longer care contracts more lasting bands:
Reflection, reason, still the ties improve,
At once extend the interest, and the love:
With choice we fix, with sympathy we burn ;
Each virtue in each passion takes its turn;
And still new needs, new helps, new habits rise,
That graft benevolence on charities.
Still as one brood, and as another rose,
These natural love maintain'd, habitual those :
The last, scarce ripen'd into perfect man,
Saw helpless him from whom their life began:
Memory and forecast just returns engage,
That pointed back to youth, this on to age;
While pleasure, gratitude, and hope combined,
Still spread the interest and preserved the kind.

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140

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IV. Nor think, in Nature's state they blindly trod;

The state of Nature was the reign of God:
Self-love and social at her birth began,
Union the bond of all things, and of man.

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Pride then was not; nor arts, that pride to aid;

Man walk'd with beast, joint tenant of the shade;
The same his table, and the same his bed;

No murder clothed him, and no murder fed.

In the same temple, the resounding wood,

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All vocal beings hymn'd their equal God:

The shrine with gore unstain'd, with gold undress'd,

Unbribed, unbloody, stood the blameless priest:
Heaven's attribute was universal care,

And man's prerogative, to rule, but spare.
Ah! how unlike the man of times to come!
Of half that live the butcher and the tomb;
Who, foe to Nature, hears the general groan,
Murders their species, and betrays his own.
But just disease to luxury succeeds,
And every death its own avenger breeds;
The fury-passions from that blood began,
And turn'd on man, a fiercer savage, man.

See him from Nature rising slow to Art!
To copy instinct then was reason's part;

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170

MAN WALK'D WITH BEAST, JOINT TENANT OF THE SHADE.'

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Go, from the creatures thy instructions take: 5

Learn from the birds what food the thickets yield; 6
Learn from the beasts the physic of the field;

So that

5 ["They who discourse of the inventions and originals of things, refer them rather to beasts, birds, and fishes, and serpents, than to man. it was no marvel (the manner of antiquity being to consecrate inventors) that the Egyptians had so few human idols in their temples, but almost all brute. Who taught the raven in a drought to throw pebbles into a hollow tree when she spied water, that the water might rise so as she might come to it? Who taught the bee to sail through such a vast sea of air, and to find the way from a field in flower a great way off to her hive? Who taught the ant to bite every grain of corn she burieth in her hill, lest it should take root and grow?"-Bacon's Advancement of Learning.]

6 It is a caution commonly practised among navigators, when thrown upon

Thy arts of building from the bee receive;
Learn of the mole to plough, the worm to weave;
Learn of the little nautilus to sail,7

Spread the thin oar, and catch the driving gale.
Here too all forms of social union find,
And hence let reason, late, instruct mankind :
Here subterranean works and cities see;
There towns aërial on the waving tree.
Learn each small people's genius, policies,
The ants' republic, and the realm of bees;
How those in common all their wealth bestow,
And anarchy without confusion know;
And these for ever, though a monarch reign,
Their separate cells and properties maintain.
Mark what unvaried laws preserve each state,
Laws wise as nature, and as fix'd as fate.
In vain thy reason finer webs shall draw,
Entangle justice in her net of law,

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180

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190

And right, too rigid, harden into wrong;

Still for the strong too weak, the weak too strong.

Yet go! and thus o'er all the creatures sway,

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Thus let the wiser make the rest obey:

And for those arts mere instinct could afford,

Be crown'd as monarchs, or as gods adored."

V. Great Nature spoke; observant man obey'd;

Cities were built, societies were made:

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Here rose one little state; another near

Grew by like means, and join'd, through love or fear.

a desert coast, and in want of refreshments, to observe what fruits have been touched by the birds; and to venture on these without further hesitation.

7 Oppian. Halieut., 1. i., describes this fish in the following manner:They swim on the surface of the sea, on the back of their shells, which exactly resemble the hulk of a ship; they raise two feet like masts, and extend a membrane between, which serves as a sail; the other two feet they employ as oars at the side. They are usually seen in the Mediterranean.” 8 In the MS. thus:

"The neighbours leagued to guard the common spot;
And Love was Nature's dictate, Murder, not.

For want alone each animal contends;
Tigers with tigers, that removed are friends.
Plain Nature's wants the common mother crown'd,
She pour'd her acorns, herbs, and streams around.

[No

"Learn of the little nautilus to sail,

Spread the thin oar, and catch the driving gale."

ESSAY ON MAN, Ep. iii. lines 177, 178. [Page 280.