fugisse, ne die initi magistratus Iovis optimi maximi 8 templum adiret, ne senatum invisus ipse et sibi uni invisum videret consuleretque, ne Latinas indiceret Iovique Latiari sollemne sacrum in monte faceret, ne auspicato profectus in Capitolium ad vota nuncu- 9 panda, paludatus inde cum lictoribus in provinciam iret. Lixae modo sine insignibus, sine lictoribus profectum clam, furtim, haud aliter quam si exsilii 11 consul proficiscens praetorve H. 2, 89. paludatus late MSS.: paludatis lictoribus in provinciam paludatis P (cf. 31, 14, in.); et ad bellum vota in Capitolio nuncupat. 8. Latinas sc. ferias. Latiari (Latiali) = the Latin god, as presiding over the con- federacy; cf. Cic. Mil. 31, m. monte sc. Albano; so 22, 1, 6. 9. auspicato: involving another visit to the Capitol to take the auspices on the day of departure for the province, so that the war might be carried on under his auspicia and imperium, the latter being conferred by the Comitia Curiata; cf. 22, 1, 5; in Cap. depends on iret. profectus; cf. 22, 30, 1. nuncupanda. This (not suscipere 62, 10) was the technical term when the consuls were about to leave for the provinces, and the vows, as Festus says, were recorded in tablets in the presence of many witnesses; cf. a very similar passage L. 41, 10. paludatus wearing the paludamentum, or military cloak worn by generals &c. over their armour, as one still sees it on Trajan's column at Rome. Purple, scarlet or white were the usual colours; it corresponded to the sagum worn by private soldiers. As a mark of the imperium it could not be worn in Rome; cf. Tac. hence Heerw. prefers paludatis lictoribus, omitting cum. See last note § 7. in prov. Vulg. incorrectly reads ad; cf. 5 and 11. Lixae modo, 'like a camp-follower', i.e. not like a general or even a soldier, but a soldier's servant. The lixae acted as modern vivandiers, providing the soldiers with food for a small payment: as freemen they were superior to the calones, who were slaves; cf. 5, 8, in. lixarum in modum: sup. 33, 7. clam, furtim. For asyndeton cf. 8 opt. max., 22, 24, 6 luce palam; for pleonasm cf. 5, 3, m. rursus novus de integro. exsilii &c. 'as if he had left his country to go into exile'=solum mutatione vertere or solum mutare. Under certain relations between Rome and another state a citizen of the former had the ius exsulandi to the latter, where he became an inquilinus: it was frequently adopted as an escape from punishment, thus differing from its use under the empire, as well as from relegatio and deportatio; cf. Cic. Caec. 34, 100 exsilium non supplicium est sed perfugium portusque supplicii: Just. Inst. 1, 12 and 16 (Sand.). 10 causa solum vertisset. Magis pro maiestate videlicet imperii Arimini quam Romae magistratum initurum et in deversorio hospitali quam apud penates suos 11 praetextam sumpturum. Revocandum universi retrahendumque censuerunt et cogendum omnibus prius praesentem in deos hominesque fungi officiis, 12 quam ad exercitum et in provinciam iret. In eam legationem (legatos enim mitti placuit) Q. Terentius et M. Antistius profecti nihilo magis eum moverunt, quam priore consulatu litterae moverant ab senatu 13 missae. Paucos post dies magistratum iniit, immolantique ei vitulus iam ictus e manibus sacrificantium sese quum proripuisset, multos circumstantes 10. Magis &c. 'doubtless it will be more in accordance with the consular authority'. Ch. and B. not so well render 'empire'; cf. 19, 1. deversorio h. 'wayside inn'-deverticulum; cf. 1, 51, 2 and 8. penates. The images of these gods (unlike those of the Lares which stood at the hearth in the atrium) stood in the_tablinum, which, as I saw in the Pompeiian dwellings, built on almost the same model, as proved by this year's fresh discoveries, intervened between the atrium and the peristylium, constituting the penetralia, with which penates is connected. The consul was expected to assume his robe before the altar of these household gods; cf. 22, 1, 6. praetextamsc.togam. This robe, so called from its broad border of purple, was worn by the kings and the highest magistrates; cf. use of laticlavium by senators. Liv. 1, 8, 10 thinks it was adopted from Etruria; but cf. Seeley's note on ib. 16. he should be dragged back' (as a deserter); cf. 2, 12, in.; and for que 17, 4. praesentem, in person', not by deputy. 12. In eam, 'on this embassy', so 45, 25, m.; for in implying object aimed at cf. 42, 2. Liv. 2, 14 has a remarkable use of acc. = abl. in potestatem esse, which perhaps rose from confusion in pronunciation. Madv. 230, 2 (n). moverunt...moverant. The Romans were fond of repeating the same verb in other forms. Cf. 13, 3; 1, 50, 6. 13. m. iniit B.C. 217, i. e. on arriving at Ariminum. immolantique=dat. incommodi. The verb is used of the consul who first sprinkled the animal with salt meal (mola salsa), according to primitive meaning, while the sacrificantes were the priests' attendants, called popae, victimarii, and cultrarii, though in 40, 19, 4 we read ut consules hostiis maioribus sacrificarent. sese proripuisset; cf. 2, 23, m. 11. retrahendumque, 'or rather It was considered a dirum omen cruore respersit; fuga procul etiam maior apud 14 ignaros, quid trepidaretur, et concursatio fuit. Id a plerisque in omen magni terroris acceptum. Legio- 15 nibus inde duabus a Sempronio prioris anni consule, duabus a C. Atilio praetore acceptis, in Etruriam per Appennini tramites exercitus duci est coeptus. if the victim broke loose, as happened in the case of Pompey, Luc. 7, 165, and Vitellius, Tac. H. 3, 56; cf. Suet. in Jul. Caes. 59, Galba 18, and Tit. 1, 10: Sil. It. 16, 264 (he makes this omen occur to Sempronius at the time of the battle of Trasimenus, 5, 63); Virg. A. 2, 223. The victim which fled was called effugia, and the auspices at which such a portent occurred were called piacularia auspicia, as needing an expiatory sacrifice. 14. procul, op. circumstantes. quid (=propter quid) trepidaretur; cf. 16, 2. in omen, 'as an omen of terrible import'. Gron. and Madv. unreasonably object to prep. ; but cf. 22, 26, 5; 4, 1, 5; Tac. A. 1, 14. For this active sense of terror, cf. 22, 1, 3; ib. 9, 5, where praeda praedatio. Nägelsb. 167. = a Semp. from S.' (For prep. cf. 39, 3.) The remnant of the two legions had wintered at Placentia; sup. 1; 56, 9; 59, 1-2; later on they probably went to Luca 59, 10, and to Arretium, where Flam. received them 22, 2, 1 and not at Ariminum: unless we suppose an improbable circuitous march from P. to L., then to Arim. and back again to Arretium in Etruria. But possibly S. never went to Luca at all, which was a mere invention of some annalist. Atilio. He had come from Rome (62, 10) probably to assume the temporary command of Scipio's troops, the latter being disabled by his wound. As there were five legions in Gaul (55, 4), perhaps one was left on garrisonduty while these four legions formed the nucleus of the consular armies, supplemented by four fresh ones. App. H. 8 states that Servilius went to Ariminum as Scipio's successor (cf. infr. 22, 8, 1), while Flaminius proceeded to Arretium. tramites, 'passes'. Flam. did not avail himself of the road he had constructed from Arim, to Rome (22, 11, 5). Weiss. thinks that Liv. has confused Arretium with Ariminum, or Flaminius with Servilius. exercitus. Note anacoluthon, as not exercitus but consul understood is subject to abl. abs. at beginning. We should have expected consul exercitum ducere coepit. The concluding sentence of the bk., as Wfl. observes, shows negligence both in statement of facts and style. |