firm-o, avi, ātum, āre, 1. v. a. [firm-us] ("To make strong"; hence) To confirm; to ratify or establish an omen, etc.

fir-mus, ma, mum, adj. ("Bearing"; hence) Strong, firm [either for fer-mus, fr. fer-o; or akin to Sans. root DHRI, "to bear"].

fixus, a, um: 1. P. perf. pass. of figo.-2. Pa.: Fixed in resolve or purpose; determined.

flag-ito, Itāvi, ĭtātum, Itāre, 1. v. a. To demand hotly or earnestly at v. 124, folld. by indirect interrogation with verb (sint) in subj. [akin to pλéy-w "to burn"; see flagro].

flagrans, ntis: 1. P. pres. of flagro.-2. Pa.: Flaming, blazing. flag-ro, rāvi, rātum, rāre, 1. v. n. To flame, or blaze; to burn [akin to Gr. péy-w, " to burn"; Sans. root BHRAJ, "to shine"].

flam-ma, mæ, f. ("The blazing thing"; hence) A flame: at v. 256, used in plur. of the signalfires raised on the deck of the royal ship in the Greek fleet [for fleg-ma; fr. Aéy-w; see flagro].

flecto, flexi, flexum, flectère,

3. v. a. ("To bend"; hence) Mentally To move, prevail upon, influence.-Pass.: flector, flexus sum, flecti [prob. akin to λéк-w, "to plait or twist"].

flens, ntis, P. pres. of fleo.

flĕo, flēvi, flētum, flere, 2. v. n. ("To gush out" with tears; hence) To weep, shed tears [akin to dλé-w, "to gush or overflow"].

fle-tus, tūs, m. [flě-o] (“A weeping"; hence) Tears.

fluc-tus, tūs, m. [for flugv tus; fr. flúo, through root FLUGV] ("A flowing that which flows"; hence) A billow, ware.

flu-men, minis, n. [fiŭ-o] ("That which flows"; hence) A stream, river.

flŭo, fluxi, fluxum, fluĕre, 3. v. n. 1. To flow.-2. Of circumstances: To flow away, ebb; i.e. to decline, perish: at v. 169 fluĕre is the Historic inf. [140, 2]. fœdans, ntis, P. pres. of fœdo.

fœd-o, avi, atum, āre, 1. v. a. [foed-us, "foul"] ("To make foul"; hence) 1. To defile, po! lute.-2. To mar, lay waste.

fon-s, tis, m. [prob. for fundts; fr. fund-o, "to pour forth"] ("A pouring forth-that which pours itself forth"; honec," spring or fountain"; Spring-water; water.

ence

(for), fatus sum, fāri, 1. v. dep. 1. Without nearer Object: To speak: fando, (by speaking; ie.) by report, rumour, etc. 2. To speak, say, utter [akin to pá-w, þý-μi, “to say"]. forem essem, imperf. subj. of

through root FRUG] (“The thing eaten"; hence) Fruits of the earth, grain, etc.: fruges salsa, (for the usual mola salsa, salted meal; i.e.) meal and salt sprinkled on the forehead of a victim before sacrifice.

2. fors; see 1. fors, no. a. forte; see fors, no. b. for-tis, te, adj. Brave, bold, courageous. Comp.: fortfor; Sup.: fort-issimus [for fertis; fr. fĕr-o; and so, "that bears"; hence, “strong hence, as a result, "brave," etc.: or akin to Sans. root DHRISH, "to be courageous"]. fortissimus, a, um;

fortis.

fùg-a, æ, f. [fig-lo] Flight. fugio, fūgi, fŭgitum, fügĕre, 3. v. n. and a.: 1. Neut.: To flee, take to flight.-2. Act.: a. To flee from. b. To escape by flight [akin to Gr. duy, root of devy-w, "to flee"; also to Sans. root BHUJ, "to bend"; Pass. in reflexive force, "to incline one's self "].

fulgens, ntis, P. pres. of

fort-ūna, ünæ, f. [fors, fortis] (That which belongs to fors"; hence) 1. Fortune whether good or bad.-2. Personified: The goddess Fortune.

frac-tus, ta, tum, adj. [for frag-tus; fr. frango, "to break," through root FRAG] Broken, impaired, crushed, weakened, etc.

fråg-or, ōris, m. [root FRAG; see fractus] ("A breaking"; hence) A crashing, as when something is broken to pieces; a crash, din.

frem-Itus, Itūs, m. [frèm-o, "to roar"] A roaring, roar.

frětum, i, n. A strait, frith. frig-Idus, Ida, ĭdum, adj. [frig-eo, "to be cold"] Cold,

chill.

frons, frondis, f.: 1. d leaf.2. A garland of leaves, a leafy chaplet.

fuges, um; see frux. frustra, adv. [akin to fraudo, "to deceive"]("In a deceived manner"; hence) In vain, to no purpose.

frux, frugis (mostly plur.), f. [for frug-s; fr. fruor, in etymo

fulgĕo, fulsi, no sup., fulgere, 2. v. . To flash, glitter, gleam [akin to pλéy-w; see flagro].

ful-men, minis, n. [for fulg. men; fr. fulg-eo] ("The flashing thing"; hence) A lightning-flash; a thunder-bolt.

fulvus, a, um, adj. Reddish yellow, tawny.

füm-o, avi, ātum, äre, 1. v. n. [füm-us] 1. To smoke.--2. To emit exhalations; to reek.

fū-mus, mi, m. ("The rushing, or shaken, thing"; hence) Smoke [akin to Gr. Ou w, "to rush "; also to Sans. root DHU or DHU, "to shake," whence dhûma, "smoke"].

funda-mentum, menti, n. [fund(a)-o, "to found "] ("That which is founded"; hence) A foundation.

fundo, fūdi, fúsum, fundĕre, 3. v. a. (Of liquids: "to pour out"; hence) 1. To pour out or forth; so, of life (v. 532); of the armed warrior from the wooden horse (v. 329); of light (v. 683). -2. Of several persons: Pass. in reflexive force: To spread abroad, scatter themselves. — 3. To rout,

put to fight. Pass.: fundor, fusus sum, fundi [root FUD, akin to xú-ois, "a pouring out "; xé-w, "to pour out "].

fund-us, i, m. The bottom [akin to Bue-ós, "depth"; πvėun, "the bottom" of the sea].

fün-is, is, m. ("The binding thing"; hence) A cord, rope [akin to Sans. root BANDH, "to bind "].

fu-nus, nĕris, n. Death.

fürens, ntis, P. pres. of fùro. fùriātus, a, um, P. perf. pass. of furio.

fürl-o, avi, atum, āre, 1. v. a. [fùri-æ, rage"] To enrage, infuriate, madden.-Pass.: fùrior, atus sum, āri.

fùr-o, ui, no sup., ère, 3. v. n. To rage, rave, or be furious [akin to Sans. root BHUR, "to be active"].

für-or, ōris, m. [fùr-o] Rage, fury, madness of mind, excited feelings.

fur-tim, adv. [für-or, "to steal"]("By a stealing "; hence) Stealthily, furtively.

fusus, a, um, P. perf. pass. of fundo.

futurus, a, um, P. fut. of

sum.

gǎl-ĕa, čæ, f. ("The covering thing"; hence) A helmet, headpiece [prob. akin to κаλ-ÚTTш, "to cover"].

gaudeo, găvisus sum, gaudere, 2. v. n. semi-dep. To rejoice, delight [akin to ynlew].

gāza, æ, f. Treasure, riches, wealth [yása, said to be originally a Persian word].

gel-idus, Ida, ĭdum, adj. [gel-o, "to freeze "](" Freezing"; hence) Icy cold, cold.

ge-minus, mina, minum, adj. [prob. for gen minus, fr. gen-o, "to bring forth"] ("Brought

forth, or born," with another; hence) Twin-born, twin. As Subst.: gemini, ōrum, m. plur. ("The twins"; i.e.) Of animals : The pair.

gem-Itus, Itūs, m. [gěm-o, "to groan "] 1. A groen, groaning, cry of pain or sorrow.-2. Of things: A roaring sound; a roar.

gen-er, ĕri, m. ( The married one"; hence) A son-in-law [for gem-er; akin to Gr. yau-ẞpós; Sans. jám-átri, fr. assumed root JAM (whence yau-éw) = YAM, "to tame"; also, " to marry "].

gen-itor, Itōris, m. [gen-o, "to beget"] ("A begetter"; hence) A father.

gen-Itrix, Itrīcis, f. [gen-o, "to bring forth "] ("She who brings forth"; hence) A mother: deûm genitrix, mother of the gods, i.e. Cybele.

gen-s, tis, f. [gen.o, "to beget "] ("A begetting;-that which is begotten"; hence," a clan or family"; hence) A nation.

gen-us, ĕris, n. [akin to gen-s] ("Birth, descent"; hence) Sort, kind.

gĕrens, ntis, P. pres. of gero. gero, gessi, gestum, gèrère, 3. v. a. To bear, carry, have. gloměrātus, a, um, P. perf. pass. of gloměro.

gloměr-o, avi, ātum, āre, 1. v. a. [glomus, gloměr-is, " a ball" of yarn] ("To wind, or form, into a ball"; hence) To assemble, or mass, together; to form into a compact body.-Pass.: glomĕror, ātus sum, āri.

glōr-la, iæ, f. [akin to clarus," famous "] Glory, renown. Gorgon, onis, f. A Gorgon; esp. Medusa, whose hair was formed of snakes, and who turned into stone all upon whom she looked. She was killed by Perseus, who fixed her head on the shield of Pallas or Minerva.

grăd-us, us, m. [grăd-for, "to step"]("A step"; hence) Of a ladder: A step or round. Græci, ōrum, m. plur. The Greeks.

Graii, ōrum; see Graius. Graius, a, um, adj. Greek, Grecian. As Subst. Graii, ōrum, m. plur. The Greeks.

gra-men, minis, n. ("The thing eaten by cattle; hence) 1. Grass.-2. A plant, herb [akin to Sans. root GRAS, "to eat "].

grātes (mostly only in Nom. and Acc.), f. plur. [grat-or, "to manifest joy"] ("Things manifesting joy"; hence) Thanks.

gra-tus, ta, tum, adj. Dear, pleasing, delightful [prob. akin to xaíp-w (root xap), "to rejoice "]. grăvior, us; see grăvis. grăv-is, e, adj. ("Heavy"; hence) Heavy with age; feeble, weak. Comp.: grav-for; Sup.: grăv-issimus [akin to Gr. Bap-ús; Sans. gur-u for original gar-u].

grăv-Iter, adv. [grav-is] Heavily.

grăv-o, avi, atum, āre, 1. v. a. [id.](" To make heavy"; hence) To load, weigh down, oppress.

gres-sus, sūs, m. [for gradsus; fr. grăd-for, "to step "] A stepping, step.

hasta, æ, f. A spear, lance. haud, adv.: 1. Not at all, by no means, not.-2. Prefixed to adjectives imparts a contrary meaning haud noster, not ours or on our side; i.e. adverse, hostile.

haurio, hausi, haustum, haurire, 4. v. a. ("To draw' water; hence, "to drink up, swallow down"; hence) To destroy, consume [akin to ȧp-úw, "to draw water"].

hěbět-o, āvi, ātum, āre, 1. v. a. [hèbes, hěbět-is, "blunt"] ("To make blunt"; hence) Of the sight: To render dull or faint; to dim, obscure.

Hector, oris, m. Hector; the eldest son of Priam, slain by Achilles, who fastened his dead body to a war chariot, and dragged it three times round the walls of Troy [EкTwp, “Fastholder"; i. e. one who is the prop or stay of a place],

Hĕcuba, æ, f. Hecuba; the daughter of Dymas and wife of Priam.

hei, interj. With Dat. [§ 139]: Woe! alas!

Hespĕrius, a, um, adj. Western, towards the west ['Eσrépɩos]. heu, interj. Alas!

1. hic, hæc, hoc (Gen. hujus; Dat. huic), pron. dem. This.-As Subst. neut.: a. hoc: This thing.

tidings [akin to Sans. pronominal root I, aspirated; with c (=ce), demonstrative suffix].

2. hic, adv. [1. hic] Here.

hiěms, ěmis, f. ("The snowy, or cold, time"; hence, "winter"; hence) Storm, tempest [akin to Gr. χειμών, χείμ-α; Sans. hima, snow, cold"]

h-in-c, adv. [for h-im-c; fr. hi, base of hi-c; im, locative suffix; c (=ce), demonstrative suffix] ("From this very" thing, etc.; hence) 1. From this place,

hence.-2. From this cause, hence. -3. a. After this.-b. Henceforth.

hoc, see 1. hic.

ho-die, adv. [=hoc die, the ablatives of hic and dies] On this day, to-day.

homo, inis, comm. gen.: 1. A person.-2. Plur.: Men.

horrendus, a, um: 1. Gerundive of horreo.-2, Pa.: Horrible, terrible, terrific.

horreo, no perf. nor sup., ere, 2. v. n. To shudder.

horresco, horrui, no sup., horrescere, 3. v. n. inch. To begin to shudder; to become terrified.

horr-or, ōris, m. [horr-eo] 1. A shuddering with fright; dread, terror, horror.-2. ("That which causes horror"; hence) Of arms: Horrid din.

hor-tor, tatus sum. tāri, 1. v. dep. ("To instigate"; i.e.) 1. To exhort.-2. To encourage [akin to op-viui, "to rouse "]. hosti-a, æ, f. [obsol. hosti-o, "to strike"] ("The one struck"; hence) A victim, as struck down for sacrifice.

hos-tis, tis, comm. gen. ("The eating one"; hence, "a stranger, or foreigner," entertained as a "guest"; hence) An enemy, or foe, of one's country [prob. akin to Sans. root GHAS, "to eat "].

huc, adv. [for hoc, adverbial neut. acc. of hic] To this place, hither.

hum-ĕrus, ĕri, m. A shoulder [akin to u-os].

humi; see humus. hum-idus, Ida, ĭdum, adj. [hum-ĕo, "to be moist"] Moist, damp, humid.

hum-us, i, f. The ground; humi [§ 121, B, b], on the ground [akin to xau-ai "on the ground"]. Hypǎnis, is, m. Hypanis; a Trojan.

ibam, imperf. indic. of ĕo. I-bi, adv. [pronominal root I] In that place; there.

ibo, fut. indic. of ĕo. ic-tus, tūs, m. [ốc 0, "to strike"] ("A striking"; hence) A stroke, blow.

Ida, æ, f. Ida; a high mountain near Troy.-Hence, Id-æus, æa, æum, adj. Of, or belonging to, Ida.

lens, euntis, P. pres. of ĕo. i-gnārus, gnāra, gnarum, adj. [for in-gnārus; fr. in, "not"; gnarus, "knowing"] ("Not knowing"; hence) With Gen. [132]: Ignorant of, unacquainted with, not knowing.

ignis, is (Abl. igni, vv. 312, 581), m.: 1. Fire; applied to the celestial fires, at v. 154. — 2. Flame [akin to Sans. agni, "fire"].

ignōta, ōrum; see ignōtus. i-gnotus, gnota, gnotum, adj. [for in-gnotus; fr. in, "not" gnotus (=nōtus), "known" Not known, unknown.-As Subst.: ignōta, ōrum, n. plur. Unknoun things: haud ignota, things well known.

Ii, perf. indic. of ĕo.

Ili-ăcus, aca, acum, Ilias, ădis; see Ilium.

I-licet, adv. [1, root of ĕo, "to go"; licet, "it is permitted"] ("It is permitted to go "; hence) Straightway, forthwith, immed iately.

Ilium, fi, n. Ilium; another name for Troy.-Hence: a. IIIǎcus, ǎca, ăcum, adj. Trojan.— b. Ili-ǎs, ădis, f. A Trojan woman.

il-labor, lapsus sum, lābi, 3. v. dep. [for in-labor; fr. in, "into"; labor, "to glide"] With Dat. [§ 106, a]: To glide into or within.

il-le, la, lud (Gen. illius ; Dat. illi), pron. adj. [for is-le;