uncle ufed frequently to take me with him to Ibrahim Kiahaya, who often ordered Ali to give me one thing or another as a prefent; Ali ufed alfo to come very often to my uncle's house, in the caftle, and had many prefents from my uncle, fuch as furs and broad cloth, and other foreign things; by thefe means I became intimately acquainted with Ali, though a youth. This first acquaintance lafted till the year 1749, in which time, the Pafha being difmiffed by the Divan, in the manner hereafter mentioned, my uncle was obliged to follow him, and I also went with him to Natolia, to a town called Giufel Iffar, at which place we remained fourteen months; but my uncle's health being in danger, as the air of the country did not agree with his conftitution, he begged leave of the Pafha to remove for change of air; and having obtained it, we departed from thence to Smyrna, and from thence to Conftantinople. I ftayed with him till the year 1753, at which time fome circumftances obliged me to part from him, and live independent; I therefore thought proper to lead a mercantile life, and having fome money in my poffeffion, invested it in goods there, and putting them on board a fhip which was going to Syria and Damiata, I went with it to Damiata, there I met Maalim Michael Farha, who was then under-commiffioner in the customs, and protected by Ibrahim Kiahaya, and favourite to Ali Bey, with whom I became acquainted, and he bought of me moft of my goods. From him I heard of Ali Bey's elevation, and begged of him, whenever he found an opportunity, to pay my refpects to him. From that time I used to correfpond with Maalim Farha; and in his letters he affured me, that he always prefented my refpects to Ali Bey, whenever he received any letters of me. He also very often ufed to fend me a commiffion for European goods, for Ali Bey, which I punctually complied with.

In the year 1769, while I was in Europe, I received an order from Ali Bey himself, accompanied with Farha's letter, defiring me to endeavour to fettle fome affairs for him in my travels, and go to Cairo as foon as poffible, because he had some fervice to employ me in. My affairs detained me in Europe till the year 1771, when I went to Alexandria, and from thence to Cairo, where I had the honour to be prefented to him, by Maalim Farha; and fince that time I remained in his fervice, till his defeat, which involved me in ruin. As for the things of which I was not an eye witness, they were related to me by Farha, Tantavi, Risk, Selficar *, and fome by Ali Bey himself.'

The authentic account of fuch a revolution as that accomplifhed by Ali Bey, written by a perfon who was occasionally an eye witness of it, and had, from his connections in the coun

Principal officers and commanders under Ali Bey.

try, many opportunities of acquiring the beft information concerning it, will always deferve the attention of the Public.

The Author's defcription of the prefent government of Egypt is extremely curious and interefting.

After giving an account of the death of his hero, which from its circumftances is very pathetic and affecting, he fays, Such was the end of Ali Bey, in the forty-fifth year of his age. He was five feet ten inches high, of a fair complexion, light brown hair, and an oval countenance, with large eyes, and a majestic appearance. He was of an undaunted courage, affable in his difpofition, of a free and generous mind, of great juftice, and of rigid feverity in his punishment of offenders.' He feems, indeed, to have poffeffed all the good qualities of an hero, without the bad ones by which the characters of moft boes have been stained.

To this account are added a description of Grand Cairo, and of feveral places in Syria; alfo the journal of a gentleman who travelled from Aleppo to Baffora, which is in itself curious, and which contains many remarks that may be of use to a person travelling the fame route.

• He was affaffinated in the year 1773.

MONTHLY CATALOGUE,

For JUNE,

POLITICA L.

1783.

Art. 11. The True Alarm; confifting of I. A Defcant on the Prefent National Propenfity. II. A Sketch of a Refutation of Mr. Locke, being the Seventh Letter of the Candid Suggestions. III. An Appendix, containing a Friendly Challenge, and Thoughts on the ruinous Confequences of an Equal Representation.. By B. N. Turner, M. A. Author of the Candid Suggestions. 8vo. 11. Lowndes. 1783.

HAT part of this publication, which contains a sketch of a

tready noticed in cur

view of the Candid Suggestions (Vol. LXVII. p. 390.), and, although we trust the Author judges rightly in fuppofing that we are open to conviction, we find no reason to retract our opinion concerning the political principles there maintained.-The Defcant on the prefent National Propenfity, amounts to nothing more than an unfupported affertion, that the conftitutional rights of the Crown are infringed, and a defultory lamentation over the fuppofed propensity of the times towards Anarchy, under the fpecious name of Liberty. By a confufion of language, and therefore, probably, of ideas-our Author maintains, that the restoration of political liberty to the people, implies a new tyranny and ufurpation, equally hazardous with the most abfolute and defpotic government.

This new-fangled potentate (fays he) has affumed the very title of fovereignty, the Majefty of the People! To this great and glorious

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majefly it is, that we must all of us bow the neck; its authority is not to be questioned; its decrees are not to be refifted; and in the exaltation of this Pfeudo-tyrant (if I may be allowed the expreffion) we may be faid to be threatened in a political fenfe with the reign of the Beast. Well then-this many-headed majefly has now fet up its claims, which, in fact, are but a revival of the old ones: it arrogates to itself an exclufive right to govern jure divino, a natural, hereditary, unalienable, indefeasible title to fupreme authority.'Again; The very terms of the groffelt flattery of former times bas been revived in obfequioufnefs to this new defpot. We read of a certain King, who on a fet day, arrayed in royal apparel, fat on his throne, and made an oration to the people, and the people gave a fhout, faying, It is the voice of a God, and not of a man. And this

is exactly the ftyle in the prefent cale, Vox populi, vox Dei.

Is it poffible not to fee, that all this ftrange declamation proceeds from an abfurd confufion of the ideas of liberty and tyranny; and fuppofes that the more fuccefsfully a people maintain their natural right of choofing their representatives, the more perfectly they are enflaveda doctrine, which the people of England are not yet prepared to dis geft.

Mr. Turner, in the third part of this pamphlet, afferts, that Equal Parliamentary Reprefentation would be ruinous, and the more ruinous, the more perfectly it is effected; but has referved the proofs of this extraordinary doctrine for the amicable conteft which he propofes. We are too bufily occupied to accept of any challenge of this kind, unless fo far as we are regularly called upon in the way of our vocation.

Mr. T. we are informed, is a perfon of refpectable character-a man of learning and ingenuity-we doubtfit not: but we apprehend that political fcience is not his forte.

Art. 12. Inquiries concerning the Poor. By John McFarlan, D. D. One of the Minifters of Canongate, Edinburgh. 8vo. 6s. bound. Longman. 1783.

This Work comprehends an extenfive view of a most important fubject, the fupport of the deftitute poor of Great Britain. The Author diftinguishes the poor according to the feveral causes of poverty; which affords him the opportunity of making many pertinent obfervations, dictated no lefs by humanity than by juftice and good policy: he reviews the feveral methods of fupporting the poor, both in England and in Scotland; as well as feveral fchemes propofed for remedying their defects: and laftly, inquires into the most effectual method of employing and providing for them, and preventing the increase of beggary.

The refults of thefe inquiries appear to be, that legal rates for the poor, operate to deaden the motives to induftry and frugality; to eradicate the fentiments of neighbourly compaflion in the poor, one toward another; and to ftop the hand of private charity and benevolence. That the poor are kept at a greater expence collectively in houfes of industry, than where they are fupported by penfions at their own habitations; and where they enjoy their full allowances, are fometimes rather imprudently kept better than labouring poor are able to keep themfelves by their industry: that collecting the deflitute poor in large communities, does not diminish the number abroad

in public, or put a stop to

lief keep pace everyggary; and that claims for re

where with the

funds for that purpose,

and with the facility of obtaining a fhare of them.

By a detail of Scottish ftatute's relating to the poor, we find a near fimilitude with the legal fyftem of providing for the poor in England; but they are not fo generally carried into execution, the poor in molt places being no more than can be penfioned at their own habitations from voluntary contributions, collected every funday at the kirks, and by other customary circular applications. From this mode anfwering fo well, the Author derives many of his objections to legal affeffments: but if, as he admits, the beft improved, and most commercial countries, have the largest proportions of deftitute poor; it folJows, that charitable collections cannot in fuch places be trufted to for their fupport. We do not, however, tax the Author with being infenfible of this; and from all the facts he has collected, we agree with him, that the increase of the poor cannot be checked without a co-operation of the police without doors, with a judicious reformation in the management of the poor already under the care of the Public, in fome articles which he points out. But for particulars, thofe Readers who intereft them felves in this momentous fubje&t, must confult the work, which is the production of a very intelligent and liberal pen.

Art. 13.

A feriaus Anfwer from one of the People, to Lord George Gordon's Letters, to the Earl of Shelburne. In which an Attempt is made, by fair and ingenious Argument, to give ample Satisfaction to his Lordship's Doubts; and to relieve him, if pof fible, from any Inquietude for the Salvation of the State, &c. 8vo. I s. Hookham.

A Serious answer to Lord George Gordon, if not a laughable undertaking, appears, at the leaft, to be a moft unprofitable walte of attention and time. Remonftrances of this kind may be warmly approved by those who ftand in no need of them; but thofe who do, know better than to be argued into a confeffion of error. Art. 14. Hints for promoting a Plan concerning the important Subject of more effectually Supplying the Public with Seamen and Soldiers. Upon a Comprehenfive, Equal, Regular, and Virtuous Syftem.. 8vo.. 1s. Murray.

The Author recommends the flationing ten or twelve ships of war round our coafts, fo as that all our custom-houfe ports should be under their cognizance, in an appointed routine, like our military eltablishment with their attending advice-boats for intelligence, and other neceffary fervices; fo as to form a defenfible guard againft piratical traders and hoftile neighbours. In order to raife a regular fupply of feamen, he would have every parish furnish one lad an, nually, to be indented as a feaman for feven years. To this apprentice he would allow ten fhillings a month during the first year of his fervitude; increased by half a crown a month each year afterward progreffively by which the medium rate of his fervice would not exceed 17 s. 6d. per month, and fave the enormous expence of bounty money. This plan by proper accommodation fnited to circumftances, would fupply foldiers from the line of marines; and take away the neceffity of impreffing or inticing away the industrious fervants of

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farmers

farmers and tradefmen, as well as enlifting under large bounties. For the particulars of a plan, which feems far from being chimerical, we must refer to the pamphlet ; obferving only, that could a regular connexion be formed between the national and merchant's fervice, so as to make the latter a lafting fund of men for the fupply of the former ; it would wipe away that foul difgrace of our conftitution, refting the defence on the violation of it, by compulfively dragging men from their families and voluntary occupations, at the inftant of any public emergency.

Art. 15. A folemn Appeal to the Good Senfe of the Nation: pointing out the immediate Neceffity of a cordial Coalition between the King and the People; in order to affert the violated Dignity of the Crown, and the Majefty of the People; and by a Reftoration of the ancient Conftitution, to preclude the Poflibility of this Country being ever governed by a Faction. 8vo. 1s. 6d, Flexney. 1783.

This is a declamatory appeal to the fense of the people, by a determined affertor of the neceffity of a parliamentary reform to the utmoft extent of reprefentation in annual parliaments. The fate of England (the Author affirms) depends upon the public fpirit of the people, who, by affociating in defence of their conftitutional rights, by establishing committees of correfpondence, by appointing delegates to confer in national congrefs, and by peaceable exertions, may accomplish the reformation fo devoutly to be wished.' But is this zealous appellant Sure, that when once a people are agitated in fuch an extra-conftitutional manner, their exertions will be peaceable? And when they have done all that he would have them do, does he hope to dismiss them with "Now, gentlemen, you have done enough, go therefore home to your feveral occupations, and live quietly; when we want you again, we will call for you." If his views extend no fare ther than this, they may be well meant; but we wish him a more intimate acquaintance with human nature.

Art. 16. The State of the Public Debts and Finances at figning the Preliminary Articles of Peace in January 1783. With a Plan for raifing Money by Public Loans, and for redeeming the Public Debts. By Richard Price, D. D, and F. R, S, 8vo. is. 6d. Cadell.

The rank in which Dr. Price ftands as a political calculator, is fo well known, that we shall forbear to expatiate on that head. The plan here explained, was that under confideration when the Earl of Shelburne, in May last, moved the following resolution in the House of Lords;

That it is the opinion of this houfe, that all future loans should "be conducted in the manner which may best conduce to the reduc"tion of the national debt, or which may at least not obstru&t suck "a reduction, but rather manifelt the intention of government to "proceed in time to fuch reduction,”

When Lord Shelburne went out of office, the plan went with him; and the terms of the above motion having been feverely criticifed, the plan it referred to will now fhew how far thofe ftrictures were founded in truth.

Without