Elementary Education in England—State aid (1833)—The Newcastle Com-
mission-Robert Lowe and the New Code (1861)-Education Act
(1870)—W. E. Forster-The Religious difficulty-Amendments of the
Act of 1870-Gratuitous Education (1891)—Secondary Education—The
Clarendon Commission-The Public Schools Act (1868)—The Endowed
Schools Act (1869)—The Technical Instruction Act (1889)—The Uni-
versities and Secondary Education-Higher Education-University
Commissions of 1850-The Universities and the Nation-New Univer-
sities and University Colleges.

CHAPTER XXII

ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS (1868-1874). 410

Civil Service Reform-Army Reform-Abolition of Purchase-Short Service

-Temperance Reform-Lowe's Budgets-The Ballot Act-The Judi-

cature Acts-Foreign Affairs-The Climax of the Century in Europe-

Italian Unity-The Franco-German War-England and the War-

German Unity-Russia and the Black Sea-The Alabama Arbitration

-The Treaty of Washington-The Geneva Award-Liberal patronage

-Gladstone's resignation and recall-The Ashantee War-The General

Election of 1874-Fall of the Ministry.

CHAPTER XXIII

434

THE NEW TORYISM-IMPERIUM ET SANITAS (1874-1878)

The Conservative Revival—Disraeli and the Education of his party-The

new Cabinet-Lay patronage in Scotland-Public Worship Regulation

Act-Gladstone's retirement-Social Reform-Land, Landlords, and

Tenants-Factory Acts-The Housing Problem--Labour Legislation—

Trade Unions-Friendly Societies-Merchant Shipping-Tory Finance

-The new Imperialism-The Suez Canal Shares-Kaisar i Hind—

Lord Lytton's Viceroyalty-The Monarchical Revival-Reopening of

the Eastern Question-Russia and Turkey-The Andrassy Note-The

Berlin Memorandum-The Bulgarian Atrocities-Gladstone's Pamphlet

-Conference at Constantinople-Russo-Turkish War-Treaty of San

Stefano-Beaconsfield's Policy-Treaty of Berlin-" Peace with

The Russian Mission to Kabul-Anglo-Afghan relations-Lord Lytton's

Policy-Afghan War (1878-1879)—History repeated-Murder of

Cavignari-Roberts' March to Kandahar-The Liberals in power-

466

Retirement from Afghanistán-The English in South Africa-The

Boers-The Great Trek (1836-1840)-The Boer Republics-Sand River

and Blomfontein Conventions (1852-1854)-Sir George Grey-British

Expansion in South Africa-Lord Carnarvon and Federation-Annexa-

tion of the Transvaal (1877)—The Zulu War (1879)—The Boer War

(1880-1881)-Majuba-The Sequel in South Africa-Tory Policy in

Ireland-Parnell-General Election of 1880-Defeat of the Tories-

Gladstone's return to power.

Death of Lord Beaconsfield-Charles Bradlaugh-Domestic Legislation—

The County Franchise (1884)—Redistribution (1885)—Ireland—The

Land League-The Land Act of 1881-Outrages in Ireland-The

Invincibles-The "Kilmainham Treaty "-The Phoenix Park Murders

-Lord Spencer and Mr. Trevelyan-The Crimes Act of 1882-The

National League-England and Egypt-Arabi's Rebellion (1881)—

Bombardment of Alexandria-The Egyptian Expedition-The restora-

tion of order-The Soudan-General Gordon-Khartoum-Death of

Gordon-The sequel-Withdrawal from the Soudan (1885)—Its recon-

quest (1897-1898)-Lord Kitchener at Khartoum-Fashoda-Anglo-

French Agreement (1898)-England and Russia in Central Asia-The

crisis of 1885-Penjdeh-Defeat of Gladstone's Ministry (1885)—The

first Salisbury Ministry-The General Election of 1885—Home Rule

for Ireland-Gladstone's conversion-Gladstone's return to power.

CHAPTER XXVI

PAGE

488

513

EPILOGUE (1885-1901)—DEMOCRACY AND EMPIRE CLOSE OF

THE VICTORIAN ERA

The Irish Question-Gladstone's Third Ministry-First Home Rule Bill-

General Election of 1886-Conservative Policy in Ireland-"The Plan

of Campaign "-Mr. Balfour's régime-" Parnellism and Crime"-The

Special Commission-The O'Shea Divorce-General Election of 1892

-Gladstone's Fourth Ministry-Second Home Rule Bill-Gladstone's

retirement-His death-The Unionist Ministry (1895-1905)-Domestic

Affairs (1885-1901)-Local Government Reform-Finance-Social

Reform-Imperialism-The Jubilees-Territorial Expansion-Welt-

politik-The Australian Commonwealth-Death of Queen Victoria—

Close of an era.

I. THE BRITISH EMPIRE, 1815-1912

II. THE GROWTH OF THE BRITISH POWER IN INDIA, 1805-1912

III. PARLIAMENTARY REPRESENTATION IN THE BRITISH

ISLES BEFORE 1832

IV. PARLIAMENTARY REPRESENTATION IN THE BRITISH
ISLES AFTER 1832

V. PARLIAMENTARY REPRESENTATION IN THE BRITISH

ISLES AFTER 1885

End of volume

VI. SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE (to Illustrate Chapters III., VIII.,

XII., XXIII.)

VII. THE CRIMEA

VIII. AFGHANISTAN

IX. CENTRAL EUROPE (to Illustrate Foreign Affairs, 1863-71)

X. EGYPT AND THE SOUDAN

.

ENGLAND SINCE WATERLO0