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Care, com. noun, neut., sing., obj., gov. by prevents.

Ah! interjection.

82. First term 45, second 41.25; find the 6th

term.

(b) 83. A boy, selling oranges, sells half his

Do spurn, act. verb, desiderative, pres., 2nd stock and one more to A, half of what remains pers. plu., agr. w. children.

Not, adv. qual. do spurn.

Misfortune's, com. noun, neut., sing., poss. C., gov. by child.

Outcast, adj. qual, child.

Child, com, noun, com., sing., 3rd pers., obj. c., gov. by do spurn.

Who, rel. pron., nom. c. to knows.

and two more to B, and three that still remain to C; how many had he at first?

84. In a garrison of 2,744 men, there are two cavalry soldiers to 25 infantry, and half as many artillery as cavalry; find the number of each.

85. A farm of 270 acres is divided among A, B, and C. A has 7 acres to 11 of B, and C has half as much again as A and B together; find the

Knows, verb act., ind. pres., 3rd pers. sing., shares. ag. w.who.

No, adjective.

Shelter, com. noun, neut., 3rd, obj. c., gov. by knows.

Finds, verb act., ind. pres., 3rd sing., ag. w. who understood.

No, adj. qual. door.
Earthly, adj. qual. door.

Door, com. noun, neut., sing., obj., gov. by finds.

A, numeral adj. qual. snowdrop.
Snowdrop, com. noun, neut., sing., nom. c. after
is understood (who is a snowdrop).
Shattered, adj. qual. snowdrop.

In, prep. gov. wild in the objective case.
The (as above).

Dreary, adj. qual. wild.

Wild, com. noun, neut., sing., obj., gov. by in. Nipt, past part. of the verb to nip, having is understood.

Is nipt, verb pass., ind. pres., 3rd, ag. w. its nom. which understood.

By, prep. gov. storm in the obj. c.

The (as above).

Storm, com. noun, neut., sing., obj., gov. by by. With, prep. gov. rain in the obj. c.

Rain, com. noun, neut., sing., obj., gov. by with. Besprinkled, past part. of to besprinkle, having is understood.

Is besprinkled, verb pass., ind. pres., 3rd pers.

sing., ag. with which understood.

O'er, adv. qual. is besprinkled.

MATHEMATICAL CLASS.

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS.-VI. (a) 63. 2 oz. 4 dwts. 14 grs. 64. Oxygen, 889 oz.; hydrogen, 111 oz. 65. Nitre, 17023 lbs.; sulphur, 212 lbs. ; charcoal, 324 lbs. 66. 33 ft.; 8 tons, 3 cwt. 3 qrs. 1 lbs. 67. 1263; 25.68. (b). 72 lbs. 68. 24. 69. 62 and 13. 70. 144 sq. yds. 71. 5.

(c) 72. 1151 sq. yds. 73. 863-75. 74. 331. 75. 78-54. 76. 16-2316.

QUESTIONS FOR SOLUTION.-VII.

(a) 77. Find the 9th term of a progression, whose first term is 7, and whose common difference is 8.

78. First term 6, common difference 12; find the 20th term.

86. The first digit of a certain number exceeds the second by 4, and when the number is divided by the sum of the digits the quotient is 7; find it.

87. In a mixture of copper, lead, and tin, the copper was 5 lbs. less than half the whole quantity, and the lead and tin each 5 lbs. more than a third of the remainder; find the respective quantities.

(c) 88. What are the solid contents of a rectangular mass, 15 ft. 6 in. long, 18 ft. 5 in. wide, and 23.5 ft. thick?

89. The weight of a cubic foot of water is about 1,000 ounces; what weight of water will fill a cistern 4 ft. 6 in. long, 3 ft. broad, and 4 ft. 3 in. deep?

90. If a brick be 9 in. long, 4 in. wide, and 3 in. thick, how many will be required for a wall 1 ft. 10 in. thick, 100 yds. long, and 4 yds. high?

91. The weight of a cubic foot of Portland stone is 156 lbs; find the weight of a block 7 ft. long, 3 ft. 9 in. broad, and 2 ft. 1 in. thick.

92. The weight of a cubic foot of oak is 58 lbs. ; what is the weight of 3 beams, each being 12 ft. 6 in. long, 2 ft. 3 in broad, and 1 ft. 6 in. thick?

GEOGRAPHICAL CLASS.

Junior Division.

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79. First term 3, common difference 2; find the ing," No. 5., in the July No., 1851, Vol. II.

Perform the Exercise on the "Art of Reason

24th term.

80. First term 5, common difference 4; find the 100th term.

81. First term 33, second 32; find the 14th term.

PHONETIC SHORT-HAND CLASS.

Go through the 7th and concluding lesson, as directed in the No. for July, 1854, Vol. V., p. 277.

The Societies' Section.

REPORTS OF MUTUAL IMPROVEMENT SOCIETIES.

Edinburgh Young Men's Association.-A series of lectures has been delivered under the auspices of this society, on Saturday evenings, in the School of Arts, Adam-square. Former lectures were delivered in connection with the Young Men's Literary Union, of which this was the chief society. This was the first occasion on which any attempt had been made in Edinburgh to employ the Saturday evenings for public educational purposes, and has been tried chiefly with reference to the Saturday half-holiday movement. The experiment has been crowned with complete success, and it is trusted other societies will be stirred up in a similar direction. The lecture hall was crowded on each occasion. The first lecture was delivered by Professor Blackie on the "Philosophy of War;" the second and third by Dr. W. T. Gairdner, on" Epidemic Diseases," illustrated; the succeeding lectures by P. E. Dove, Esq., respectively on "Hampden," and "Oliver Cromwell;" the next by the Rev. F. D. Maurice, on "Milton's Samson Agonistes; and the concluding lecture by Alexander Smith, Esq. (author of the "Life Drama"), on the "Poorer Poets of England."

The half-yearly soirée of the association took place at 20, Waterloo-place, on the evening of the 9th of April last. The society was able to draw together a much larger number of ladies and gentlemen than on any previous occasion; and the crowded and brilliant appearance of the company who filled the elegant saloon was fitted greatly to cheer the members and friends, who had witnessed the gradual rise of the society to its present influential position, in many respects not unworthy of the Young Men's Association of the Scottish metropolis. The president, Mr. Low, who occupied the chair, addressed the meeting on the "Diffusion of Science;" followed by Mr. Brodie, on " Peter the Great," and Mr. Warden, on "Female Influence." In the second part of the proceedings, J. W. Jackson, Esq. (author of the Peoples of Europe," &c.) spoke on the "Imperative Duty of Acquiring and Diffusing Knowledge;" Mr. T. Usher, on "Cervantes and Don Quixote;" and Mr. J. R. Duncan, on "Man's Conquest." A glee party attended, who sang five pieces of music in the course of the evening; a duett was performed by two of the members; two recitations were given; and a number of songs sung by ladies and gentlemen present.

The society continues to meet every Friday

evening throughout the year, at 12, South St. David-street, and the attendance continues large. A series of essays on Astronomy, including the question of the Plurality of Worlds; and a series on the French Revolution, interspersed with miscellaneous essays and debates, have been concluded with great success; and two series of essays, the first on "Men of this Century celebrated in different capacities," and the second on "Physiology," are in course of arrangement for the winter. The society some time since received, unsolicited, from the respective authors, the Rev. Charles Kingsley's "Lectures on the Alexandrian Philosophy," and Mr. Combe's "Notes on North America."

The High Wycombe Discussion and Mutual Improvement Class was formed in the month of December last. At the first meeting, which was held on the 4th January, an essay was read by Mr. William Judson, on "The Elements and Principles of Successful Disputation;" and since that period twelve meetings have been held, and the following subjects have been discussed:"Having the light which recent researches have afforded, does Cromwell stand forth to our view as a first-rate general, a great statesman, and a sincere man?" "Is capital punishment for the crime of murder justifiable?" "Has the conduct of Lord John Russell at the present crisis been patriotic?" "Is the use of tobacco in all its forms injurious?" "Ought the conduct of a man to be influenced by public opinion?" "Which is the greater cause of crime and misery,-ignorance or intemperance ?" "Did Mahomet believe in his mission as a prophet?" "Was the Duke of Wellington a great statesman? "Whether is there greater pleasure derived from, the eye or the ear? The study of astronomy has also been commenced by Mr. F. Manning introducing a "Conversational introduction on the study of the heavens," when he gave a short but explicit lecture on the subject. Several of the members are subscribers to the British Controversialist; and at the last meeting of the class it was resolved that I should send you a statement of its formstion. I am happy to be able to add that, notwithstanding the short period during which the class has been in operation, a deep interest appears to exist in its prosperity, which, combined with a desire on the part of the members to gain instruction and arrive at truth, will doubtless urge them to greater exertions.-J. H.,jun., Hon. Sec.

Literature.

LIST OF NEW BOOKS,

ON EDUCATIONAL, LITERARY, AND SCIENTIFIC SUBJECTS.

Alison's History of Europe, 1815 to 1852, vol. 4, | Annals of England, vol. 1, 5s. 15s.

"

Arnold's (Rev. T. K.) Latin Word-Building, 4s. 6d. Andlau's (Baron) Key to the German Language, Bell's English Poets," Chaucer, vol. 4," 2s. 6d. n. ed., 3s. 6d. vol. 18," Shakspere," 25.6d

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Cheap Series, "Life of Washington, by Irving, vol. 1," 2s. 6d.

Class. Lib., Natural History of Pliny, vol. 2," 5s.

Brougham's (Lord) Works, vol. 2, "Lives of Men of Letters," 5s.

Burke's Genealogical Dictionary of Landed Gentry, part 1, 10s. 6d.

Burnett Treatise, 2nd prize, "Theism, by Rev. J. Tulloch," 10s. 6d.

Cæsaris Commentarii, by Anthon, n. ed., by Hawkins, 4s. 6d.

Carpenter's Principles of Human Physiology, 5th ed., 26s.

Chambers's Educational Course, "Rudiments of Zoology," n. ed., 3s. 6d.

Cloncurry's (Lord) Life, Times, &c., by Fitzpatrick, 63.

Collis's (Rev. J.D.) Praxis Græca, part 1, "Etymology," 2s. 6d.

Combe's (G.) Phrenology applied to Painting and Sculpture, 3s. 6d.

Congreve's (Rev. R.) Roman Empire of the West, 4s.

Constable's Foreign Miscellany, "Brittany and La Vendée," 3s. 6d.

Conybeare's (Rev. W. J.) Essays, Ecclesiastical and Social, 12s.

Crabbe's Extracts from Best German Authors, n. ed., 5s.

Cyclopædia of Universal History, ed. by M'Burney and Neil, 10s. 6d.

Day's (S. P.) Monastic Institutions, n. ed., 7s. 6d. De Porquet's Le Petit Secrétaire, 3s. 6d.; Nouvelles Conversations Parisiennes, 3s. 6d.; Key to Sequel to "Le Trésor," 3s. 6d.; First Italian Reading Book, 3s. 6d. ; Key to Italian Trésor, 4s. 6d., n. ed.

-Abrégé de l'Histoire de France,3s.6d. Doran's (Dr.) Habits and Men, 3rd ed., 7s. 6d. Drew's (J.) Practical Meteorology, 5s. Essay on the Art of Writing, 1s. 6d. Ency. Met., "Occult Sciences, by Smedley," 6s. Ency. Brit., 8th ed., vol. 8, 24s.

Engineer and Machinist's Drawing Book, 40s. Fleury's L'Histoire d'Angleterre, 2s. 6d.

de France, 23. 6d.

Fresenius's (Dr.)Qualitative Chemical Analysis,9s. Galbraith and Houghton's Manual of Trigonometry, Key to, 2s.

Arithmetic, 2s. Garrod's (Dr. A. B.) Essentials of Materia Medica, 6s. 6d.

General Atlas of the World, 52 maps, 10s. 6d. Goodwin's (Rev. H.) Parish Sermons, 2nd series, 2nd ed., 6s.

Graham's (Miss) Visits to the Zoological Gardens, 2s. 6d.

Grant's (Dr. A.) Historical Sketch of the Crimea, 3s. 6d.

Gray's Elements of Arithmetic, by Rutherford, n. ed. 1s. 3d.

Greenfield's (Rev. W. F.) Exercises in Arithmetic, 3s.

Guizot's Meditations and Moral Sketches, translated by Marquis Ormonde, 2s. 6d. Hammond's (D.) Practical Stenographer, 5s. Hind's Catechist's Manual, 2nd ed., 4s. 6d. History in all Ages, 23rd ed., 7s. Howlett's (Rev. J. H.) Metrical Chronology n. ed., 7s.

Hughes's (Rev. T. S.) History of England, 1760 to 1837, n. ed., with Memoir, 7 vols., 73s. 6d. Jacobs's Latin Reader, parts I. and II., n. ed., 2s. 6d. and 3s.

Jarves's (James J.) Art Hints, 9s. Jennings's Natural Elements of Political Economy, 5s.

Keightly's Account of Life, Writings, &c., of Milton, 12s. 6d.

5s.

Lacaita's Selections from the best Italian Writers, Lardeur's (M. M.) New Method of Reading French, ls.

Lectures to Young Men's Christian Association, 1854-5, 4s.

Liebig's (J. V.) Principles of Agricultural Chemistry, 3s. 6d.

Lieven's Outlines of the History of Rome, vol. 1, 1s. (Weale)

Mann's (P. J.) Lessons on General Knowledge, 1st series, 1s.

Newton's Principia, sections 1, 2, 3, 9, 11, by Evans, n. ed., 6s.

(Sir I.) Life, Writings, &c., by Sir D. Brewster, 2 vols., 24s. Percivall's Hippopathology, 6 vols., n. ed.,

85s. 6d.

Pictorial History of England, n. ed., vol. 1., 15s. Popular Lectures for Young People, illust., 1s. 6d.

Potter's (R.) Elementary Treatise on Mechanics, 3rd ed., 8s. 6d.

Reed's (H.) Lectures on English Literature, 6s. 6d. Russell's (G.) Art of Miniature Painting, Is. Schmitz's (Dr.) Manual of Ancient History, 7s. Smith's (W., LL.D.) Latin-English Dictionary,

21s.

Smaller Latin-English Dictionary, 7s. 6d. - (Rev. Sydney) Memoir, by Lady Holland, 2 vols., 28s. Spectator, n. ed., 4 vols., 3s. each. Stories and Lessons on the Catechism, edit. by Jackson, vol. 1, 5s.

Tarbuck's Popular Account of Styles of Architecture. 1s. 6d.

Taylor's (W. E.) Geology: its Facts and its Fictions, 5s.

Thrupp's (Rev. J. F.) Ancient Jerusalem, 158. Topham's (Rev. E. C.) Philosophy of the Fall, 8s. 6d.

Trav. Lib., "Arago's Autobiography and Stark's Printing," 2s. 6d.

"Stark's (Adam) Printing," 1s. "Life with the Zulus of Natal, by G. H. Mason," 2 parts, 1s. each, and 1 vol., 2s. 6d.

Trench's English, Past and Present, 2nd ed.,

4s.

Vandenhoff's (G.) Art of Elocution, 5s. Virgil, part 1, by Rushton and Young, 13. (Weale's Class. series.)

Weisse's (T. H.) Grammar of the German Language, 3s.

White's Landmarks of the History of England, 2nd ed., ls. 6d.

Wood's Index Testaceologicus, ed. by Hanley, | Wylie's Pilgrimage from the Alps to the Tiber,
No. 1, 4s. 6d.
7s. 6d.
No. 1, 3s. 6d.

Entomologicus, ed. by Westwood, | Young's (H.) Virgil, part 2, 2s. (Weale.)

LITERARY INTELLIGENCE.

A memoir of the late Lord Cockburn is preparing for the press by the Lord Advocate, whose father, Lord Moncrieff, was his contemporary at the Scottish bar and on the bench.

We learn that the prize of One Hundred Guineas, offered by the Wesleyan Mediation Committee for the best essay on "The Pastoral Function in the Christian Church," has been awarded to the Rev. Micaiah Hill, of Brixham, Devon, author of one of the prize essays on "Juvenile Delinquency."

A "History of Russia," by Lamartine, is advertised to appear in Paris, as a companion work to his recent "History of Turkey." M. de Lamartine has besides entered into arrangements with the Siècle newspaper to publish literary and philosophic lucubrations in it under the title of "My Readings."

NOTICES A Lecture by R. W.

The Pilgrim Fathers.
Dale, M.A. Price 6d.
A Supplement to Mr. Dale's Lecture on the
Pilgrim Fathers. Price 6d.

London: Hamilton, Adams, and Co. We have here two pamphlets, which present themselves to us as an affirmative and a negative article on the question of the laudable character of the "Pilgrim Fathers," and the scriptural nature of the Church of England. The first is the substance of a lecture delivered by a popular Dissenting minister, and appears to have attracted much local attention, and provoked not a little angry controversy. The latter professes to supply certain historical facts, which it would not have been convenient for the lecturer to have noticed, as well as to refute some of the sentiments which he advanced. Now, without offering an opinion on the points at issue, we cannot but express our regret that the author of the " Supplement" has not written in a calmer and more gentlemanly style. We have always discouraged harshness in debate, and we will protest against it wherever we see it, in friend or foe.

A Guide to the Knowledge of Life. By Robert James Mann, M.D., F.R.A.S., &c. London: Jarrold and Sons, price 4s.

It is the aim of this little work to supply what is avowedly the great educational want of the day, a simple and clear exposition of the nature of the human body, and of the several conditions upon which its well-being have been made to depend. The subjects explained within its pages are-The character of the atmosphere-The office of the vegetable organization-The peculiarities of animal vitality-The composition and uses of the blood-The different structures and powers of the human frame-The operations and faculties of the mind, viewed in relation to the influences of judicious training-The grounds upon which

Mrs. Everett Green, authoress of the "Lives of the Princesses of England," has been engaged, we are informed, for the last six years in preparing the "Lives of the Queens of England of the House of Brunswick."

A complete edition of the works of the late Countess d'Arbouville is advertised in Paris. The ought to be, seeing that she has written some of name of this lady is not so widely known as it the purest, most pathetic, and most fascinating tales in the French language.

The third and fourth volumes of Mr. Macaulay's History are expected to appear in the present year; the concluding volumes of Moore's life, by Lord, John Russell, are in the press; Charles Dickens is engaged upon a new novel to appear in November; and Alfred Tennyson has a new work," Maude, and other Poems," ready to issue from the press.

OF BOOKS.

pure air, activity, cleanliness, temperance, and habits of self-control are indispensable, when men dwell together in society. Just so much of these, and other like momentous matters, is set forth, as every rational creature ought to be intimately acquainted with, when entrusted with independent responsibility in the affairs of life.

The book is addressed, in the main, to the com. munity at large, but it is also particularly designed for the use of teachers and schools of every class. On this account the text has been arranged into nine hundred condensed, distinct, and numbered propositions, so that the most important facts may be readily seen in their mutual relations, and be as easily retained in the memory. But these condensed propositions are, at the same time, copiously illustrated by a running commentary, printed in a slightly smaller type, and by pictorial illustrations. We cordially recommend it to the notice of our readers.

The Extension, Security, and Moral Influence of the United Church of England and Ireland, augmented by a Revision of its Economy, Discipline, and Ritual, and by its Alliance with other Branches of the British Reformation, on the Basis of Mutual Aid and Concession. By the Rev. John Ryland, M.A. London: Hamilton, Adams, and Co.

The object of this work is sufficiently explained by its lengthy title. The least we can say of it is that it is worthy of a thoughtful perusal. The writer is a man of years and influence.

The British Workman and Friend of the Sons of Toil. London: Partridge, Oakey, and Co. Id., Monthly.

A well-meant attempt to gain the attention of the working classes to the subjects of temperance and religion by means of pictorial representations and interesting articles.

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Aids to Self-Culture.

THE ESSENTIALS OF GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION.—No. II.

THOUGH Wishing and working ought to be sequent processes, we very seldom find them

Labour is the purchase-money of success. "Know thyself, said the old Philosophy. Improve thyself, saith the new. The great object of the sojourner in time is not to waste all his passions and gifts on things external, that he must leave behind; that which he cultivates within is all that he can carry into the Eternal Progress." To effect such selfculture as this, the intensity of desire must be perseveringly followed by the intensity of effort. If we would fitly fulfil our part in "that spiritual probation which we call Life," we must hallow it by high aims and noble exertions. Wishing and working must be re-wedded to each other. Especially in "the pursuit of knowledge under difficulties," it is needful to oppose a stubborn resolution to the obstacles before us. Not by discontinuous or intermittent efforts is intellectual power acquirable; but by steady, persevering, constant labour. Ultimate excellence is the unvarying result of well directed diligence and honest effort. We fain hope that those self-educating students to whom we address ourselves will give assiduous labour to the accomplishment of the tasks which, from time to time, we shall appoint them. We are well assured that if they do so they shall not fail to reap the reward of their labours.

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In our previous paper on The Essentials of Grammar and Composition," we explained the general design and scope of this series, and we shall not now occupy space in recapitulating the observations then made. It seems to us, that by the painstaking performance of the exercises herein given, many young men may be enabled to reclaim the lost or misdirected time of their earlier years, and acquire with ease and readiness such an acquaintance with the theory and practice of those branches, as may enable them to speak or write with propriety, elegance, and force.

Adjectives indicate the qualities, attributes, differences, &c., of objects.
EXERCISE XVII.-Underline the adjectives in the following sonnet:—

"The sweetest flower that ever saw the light,

The smoothest stream that ever wandered by,
The fairest star upon the brow of night-
Joying and sparkling from his sphere on high,
The softest glances of the stockdove's eye,
The lily pure, the marybud gold-bright,
The gush of song that floodeth all the sky

From the dear flutterer mounted out of sight;-
Are not so pleasure-stirring to the thought,
Nor to the wounded soul so full of balm,
As one frail glimpse, by painful straining caught
Along the past's deep, mist-enfolded calm,
Of that sweet face, not visibly defined,
But rising clearly on the inner mind."-Alford.

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