1660. dignity. He would not be put off with that: for he could not bear an idle life, nor to see his brother at the head of the fleet, when he himself had neither business nor dependence. But the mirth and entertainments of that time raised his blood so high, that he took the small-pox; of which he died, much lamented by all, but most particularly by the king, who was never in his whole life seen so much troubled, as he was on that occasion. Those who would not believe he had much tenderness in his nature, imputed this rather to his jealousy of the brother that survived, since he had now lost the only person that could balance him. Not long after him, the princess royal died likewise of the small-pox; but was not much lamented. She had lived in her widowhood for some years with great reputation, kept a decent court, and supported her brothers very liberally; and lived within bounds. But her mother, who had the art of making herself believe any thing she had a mind to, upon a conversation with the queen mother of France, fancied the king of France might be inclined to marry her. So she writ to her that, she made an

to come to Paris. In order to
equipage far above what she could support. So she
ran herself into debt, sold all her jewels, and some
estates that were in her power as her son's guar-
dian; and was not only disappointed of that vain
expectation, but fell into some misfortunes, that
lessened the reputation she had formerly lived in *.

* Particularly in relation to young Harry Jermin, nephew to the earl of St. Alban's, who left him his heir, and was after created lord Dover by king James. At the revolution he

was

more favoured by king William than any Roman Catholic that had been in king James's service; in regard, as was thought, to the favour he had been in with his mother,

Upon her death, it might have been expected, both 1660. in justice and gratitude, that the king would in a most particular manner have taken her son, the young prince of Orange, into his protection. But he fell into better hands: for his grandmother became his guardian, and took care both of his estate and his education.

spect of the

ly much

Thus two of the branches of the royal family The prowere cut off soon after the restoration. And so lit-royal famitle do the events of things answer the first appear-changed. ances, that a royal family of three princes and two princesses, all young and graceful persons, that promised a numerous issue, did moulder away so fast, that now, while I am writing, all is reduced to the person of the queen, and the duchess of Savoy'. The king had a very numerous issue, though none by his queen. The duke had by both his wives, and some irregular amours, a very numerous issue. And the present queen has had a most fruitful marriage as to issue, though none of them survive. The princess Henriette was so pleased with the diversion of the 172 French court, that she was glad to go thither again to be married to the king's brother, [a poor-spirited and voluptuous prince; monstrous in his vices, and effeminate in his luxury in more senses than one.

who was suspected to have been married to him; which king William was willing to have believed, (rather than worse,) though it was not proper for her to own the marriage. And the late behaviour of her mother with the earl of St. Alban's, and her aunt with the earl of Craven, seemed to countenance, if not justify, such a management. D. (His lordship means

the private marriages said to
have taken place between these
parties.)

(Namely, queen Anne, and
this duchess, who was daughter
of Henrietta, duchess of Or-
leans, the youngest daughter
of king Charles the first: the
bishop setting aside the other
children then living of the duke
of York, afterwards James the
second.)

1660. He had not one good or great quality, but courage: so that he became both odious and contemptible.]

Schomberg

went

Portugal.

As the treaty with Portugal went on, France did through engage in the concerns of that crown, though they England to had by treaty promised the contrary to the Spaniards. To excuse their perfidy, count Schomberg, a German by birth, and a Calvinist by his religion, was ordered to go thither, as one prevailed with by the Portugal ambassador, and not as sent over by the orders of the court of France. He passed through England to concert with the king the matters of Portugal, and the supply that was to be sent thither from England. He told me, the king had admitted him into great familiarities with him at Paris. He had known him first at the Hague: for he was the prince of Orange's particular favourite ; but had so great a share in the last violent actions of his life, seizing the states, and in the attempt upon Amsterdam, that he left the service upon his death; and gained so great a reputation in France, that, after the prince of Conde and Turenne, he was thought the best general they had. He had much free discourse with the king, though he found his mind was so turned to mirth and pleasure, that he seemed scarce capable of laying any thing to heart. He advised him to set up for the head of the protestant religion: for though, he said to him, he knew he had not much religion, yet his interests led him to that. It would keep the princes of Germany in a great dependence on him, and make him the umpire of all their affairs; and would procure him great credit with the Huguenots of France, and keep that crown in perpetual fear of him. He advised the king to employ the military men that had

sold to the

served under Cromwell, whom he thought the best 1661. officers he had ever seen: and he was sorry to see, they were dismissed, and that a company of wild young men were those the king relied on. But what he pressed most on the king, as the business then in agitation, was concerning the sale of Dunkirk. The Spaniards pretended it ought to be re-Dunkirk stored to them, since it was taken from them by French. Cromwell, when they had the king and his brothers in their armies: but that was not much regarded. The French pretended, that, by their agreement with Cromwell, he was only to hold it, till they had repayed the charge of the war: therefore they, offering to lay that down, ought to have the place delivered to them. The king was in no sort bound by this. So the matter under debate was, whether it ought to be kept or sold? The military men, who were believed to be corrupted by France, said, the place was not tenable; that in time of peace it would put the king to a great charge, and in time of war it would not quit the cost of keeping it ". 173 The earl of Clarendon said, he understood not those matters; but appealed to Monk's judgment, who did positively advise the letting it go for the sum that France offered. To make the business go the easier, the king promised, that he would lay up all the money in the Tower; and that it should not be touched, but upon extraordinary occasions. Schomberg advised, in opposition to all this, that the king

m See D'Estrades's letters; but see too my lord Clarendon's defence of himself, as to this matter. It is printed in the 8th vol. of State Trials, p.

399, 80. More of this will ap-
pear to the world, whenever
my lord Clarendon's history of
these times shall be published.
I have read it in MS. O.

1661. should keep it; for, considering the naval power of England, it could not be taken. He knew, that, though France spoke big, as if they would break with England unless that was delivered up, yet they were far from the thoughts of it. He had considered the place well; and he was sure it could never be taken, as long as England was master of the sea. The holding it would keep both France and Spain in a dependence upon the king. But he was singular in that opinion. So it was sold": and all the money that was paid for it was immediately squandered away among the mistress's creatures.

Tangier a

part of the

tion.

By this the king lost his reputation abroad. The queen's por-court was believed venal. And because the earl of Clarendon was in greatest credit, the blame was cast chiefly on him; though his son assured me, he kept himself out of that affair entirely. The cost bestowed on that place since that time, and the

n There is some reason to suspect, from some things in Carte's history of the first duke of Ormonde, that the sale of Dunkirk, as well as the Portugal match, were first settled between the king and the French king, by the intervention only of the queen-mother of England and the court of Portugal; and my lord Clarendon says, in his Defence above mentioned, "It is very well "known to his majesty, and to "several persons yet alive, that "the parting with Dunkirk was "resolved upon before I ever "heard of it." Carte does not indeed mention Dunkirk; but Oldmixon does, when he speaks of the errand of the queen-mother to England. See what

they say: Carte, in his second vol. p. 250, &c. Oldmixon, in his History of the Stuarts, p. 490. See also the General Dictionary, vol. vi. p. 337. and Kennet's History of England, p. 224. See also a letter in MS. of sir Robert Southwell to the second earl of Clarendon, at the end of my second vol. (8vo edition) of the Lord Chancellor Clarendon's Life. See also Lord Clarendon's Life, p. 201, &c. O.

In his opinion and advice, but not in his actings: an unhappy distinction of his, which went to other matters, and made him to be called the author of many things he was really averse to. O.