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an old stubborn Roman in him. He was a faithful 1660. but a rough friend, and a severe but fair enemy. He had a true sense of religion: and was a man of an unblamable course of life, and of a sound judgment when it was not biassed by passion. He was made a lord for his merits in bringing about the restoration.

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character.

The earl of Manchester was made lord chamber- Mancheslain a man of a soft and obliging temper, of no racter. great depth, but universally beloved, being both a virtuous and a generous man. The lord Roberts Roberts's was made lord privy seal, afterwards lord lieutenant of Ireland, and at last lord president of the council. He was a man of a more morose and cynical temper, just in his administration, but vicious under the appearances of virtue: learned beyond any man of his quality, but intractable, stiff and obstinate, proud and jealous.

These five, whom I have named last, had the chief hand in engaging the nation in the design of the restoration. They had great credit, chiefly with the presbyterian party, and were men of much dexterity. So the thanks of that great turn was owing to them and they were put in great posts by the earl of Clarendon's means. By which he lost most of the cavaliers, who could not bear the seeing such men so highly advanced, and so much trusted *.

* The earl of Clarendon, upon the restoration, made it his business to depress every body's merits to advance his own, and (the king having gratified his vanity with high titles) found it necessary, towards making a fortune in proportion, to apply himself to other means than what the crown could afford;

(though he had as much as the
king could well grant;) and the
people who had suffered most
in the civil war were in no con-
dition to purchase his favour.
He therefore undertook the
protection of those who had
plundered and sequestered the
others, which he very artfully
contrived, by making the king

1660.

At the king's first coming over, Monk and Mountague were the most considered. They both had the garter. The one was made duke of Albemarle, and the other earl of Sandwich, and had noble estates given them. Monk was ravenous, as well as his wife, who was a mean contemptible creature. They both asked and sold all that was within their reach, nothing being denied them for some time; till he became so useless, that little personal regard could be paid him. But the king maintained still the appearances of it: for the appearance of the service he did him was such, that the king thought it fit to treat him with great distinction, even after he saw into him, and despised him. He took care to raise his kinsman Greenvill, who was made earl of Bath, and groom of the stole, a [mean minded] man, who thought of nothing but of getting and spending money. [Only in spending he had a peculiar talent of doing it with so ill a grace and so bad a conduct, that it was long before those who saw how much he got, and how little he spent visibly,

believe it was necessary for his
own ease and quiet to make
his enemies his friends; upon
which he brought in most of
those who had been the main
instruments and promoters of
the late troubles, who were not
wanting in their acknowledg-
ments in the manner he ex-
pected, which produced the
great house in the Picadille,
furnished chiefly with cavaliers'
goods, brought thither for
peace-offerings, which the right
owners durst not claim when
they were in his possession.
In my own remembrance earl

Paulett was an humble petitioner to his sons, for leave to take a copy of his grandfather and grandmother's pictures, (whole lengths drawn by Vandike,) that had been plundered from Hinton St. George; which was obtained with great difficulty, because it was thought that copies might lessen the value of the originals. And whoever had a mind to see what great families had been plundered during the civil war, might find some remains either at Clarendon house or at Combury. D.

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would believe he was so poor as he was found to be 1660. at his death which was thought the occasion of his son's shooting himself in the head a few days after his death, finding the disorder of his affairs; for both father and son were buried together.] The duke of Albemarle raised two other persons. One was Clar-Clarges's ges, his wife's brother, who was an honest but 99 haughty man. He became afterwards a very considerable parliament man, and valued himself on his opposing the court, and on his frugality in managing the public money; for he had Cromwell's economy ever in his mouth, and was always for reducing the expense of war to the modesty and parsimony of those times. Many thought he carried this too far: but it made him very popular. After he was become very rich himself by the public money, he seemed to take care that nobody else should grow as rich as he was in that way. Another man raised by the duke of Albemarle was Morrice, who was the Morrice's person that had prevailed with Monk to declare for the king. Upon that he was made secretary of state. He was very learned, but full of pedantry and affectation. He had no true judgment about foreign affairs. And the duke of Albemarle's judgment of them may be measured by what he said, when he found the king grew weary of Morrice, but that in regard to him (he) had no mind to turn him out: [upon which the duke of Albemarle replied,] he did not know what was necessary for a good secretary of state in which he was defective, for he could speak French and write short hand.

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character.

Nicolas was the other secretary, who had been Nicolas's employed by king Charles the first during the war, and had served him faithfully, but had no under

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1660. standing in foreign affairs. He was a man of virtue, but could not fall into the king's temper, or become acceptable to him. So not long after the reArlington's storation, Bennet, advanced afterwards to be earl of Arlington, was by the interest of the popish party made secretary of state; and was admitted into so particular a confidence, that he began to raise a party in opposition to the earl of Clarendon. He was a proud [and insolent] man. His parts were solid, but not quick. He had the art of observing the king's temper, and managing it beyond all the men of that time. He was believed a papist. He had once professed it: and when he died, he again reconciled himself to that church. Yet in the whole course of his ministry, he seemed to have made it a maxim, that the king ought to shew no favour to popery, but that all his affairs would be spoiled if ever he turned that way; which made the papists become his mortal enemies, and accuse him as an apostate, and the betrayer of their interests. [He was a man of great vanity, and lived at a vast expense, without taking any care of paying the debt he contracted to support it.] His chief friend was Charles Berkeley, made earl of Falmouth, who, without any visible merit m, unless it was the managing the king's amours, was the most absolute of all the king's favourites: and, which was peculiar to him

1 He was esteemed so good a courtier, that it was said he died a Roman Catholic to make his court to king James. But whatever his religion might be, he always professed himself of the whig party, as many papists had done before him : and particularly the famous

Lambert, (who died a prisoner in the isle of Jersey,) declared a little before his death, he had always been of the church of Rome. D.

m See the History of lord Clarendon's Life, for part of this man's merit. O.

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self, he was as much in the duke of York's favour as in the king's. Berkeley was generous in his expense: and it was thought, if he had outlived the lewdness of that time, and come to a more sedate course of life, he would have put the king on great and noble 100 designs. This I should have thought more likely, if I had not had it from the duke, who had so wrong a taste, that there was reason to suspect his judgment both of men and things. Bennet and Berkeley had the management of the mistress. And all the earl of Clarendon's enemies came about them: the chief of whom were the duke of Buckingham and the earl of Bristol.

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The first of these was a man of noble presence. BuckingHe had a great liveliness of wit, and a peculiar fa-racter. culty of turning all things into ridicule with bold figures and natural descriptions. He had no sort of literature: only he was drawn into chemistry: and for some years he thought he was very near the finding the philosopher's stone; which had the effect that attends on all such men as he was, when they are drawn in, to lay out for it. He had no principles of religion, virtue, or friendship. Pleasure, frolic, or extravagant diversion, was all that he laid to heart. He was true to nothing, for he was not true to himself". He had no steadiness nor conduct: he could keep no secret, nor execute any design without spoiling it. He could never fix his thoughts, nor govern his estate, though then the greatest in England. He was bred about the king: and for many years he had a great ascendent over him but he spake of him to all persons with that

n No consequence. S.

• Nonsense. S.

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