The Surveyor, Volumes 1-21888 - Surveying |
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A. L. Lloyd accuracy adjustment alidade alignment altitude angle Association of Surveyors Australia axis azimuth Business Manager centre chain CHIG circle collimation colony computed correct cosec Department Detail Survey diagram distance Dubbo Editors error examination extracts from scientific F. A. Ridley feet G. H. Knibbs Geodetic Herborn horizontal inch Institute of Surveyors instrument interest issue J. F. Truscott kerbing Land Titles Office latitude length licensed surveyor longitude magnetic maps mark matter means measurement meeting Melbourne MELBOURNE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION meridian Messrs method MICHI miles Mulhacen notes upon professional observed obtained paper Petersham plane position practice present profession published Queensland RSITY SITY skeleton survey South Australia South Wales staff surveyor standard stations streets SURVEY CLUB NOTICES SURVEYOR THE JOURNAL Sydney Sydney Observatory telescope temperature theodolite tion town traverse triangle Trig UNIV UNIV vernier vertical Victoria W. M. Thomas wire
Popular passages
Page 9 - The general result of the observations in fifty stations in six different degrees of latitude is that in Western Europe and Asia large forests have a great influence on the temperature of places near them, and that by their influence the normal increase of temperature as we travel eastward from the Atlantic Ocean to the interior of the continent is not merely interrupted, but they give places far removed from the coast a cooler summer than those actually on the sea. A striking example of this is...
Page 10 - Bosnia the summer is 2°-5 to 4°'5 cooler than in Herzegovina ; (2) even on the island of Lissa, in the full influence of the Adriatic Sea, the summer temperature is more than a degree higher than that of Bosnia, which is separated by lofty mountain ranges from the sea. Bosnia owes this comparatively cool summer to its great forests, while Herzegovina is almost disafforested.
Page 9 - ... important influence of forests in increasing the rainfall. It might appear that the effect of forests on rain in the climate of Central Europe in winter would be small, for the difference between the temperature and humidity of the forest and the open is very little, and the quantity of moisture in the atmosphere is small. But the observations show that it is at this time of the year that forests get much more rain. This the writer attributes to the clouds being lower, the resistance which the...
Page 9 - Forests retain rain by the undergrowths of grass, moss, &c., much better than open ground, and let water off superficially only after a heavy rainfall ; the remainder filters upwards slowly, and much of it is used for the evaporation of the trees. Although forests, especially thick luxuriant forests, cannot exist without certain supplies of moisture, yet it is the same to them when the supplies come, for they retain what they get, and use it over a long period. One example of this is the Lenkoran...
Page 9 - Herr Woeikof states that the influence of forests in diminishing evaporation from water and the soil is so great that it cannot be accounted for alone by the lower temperature of the hot months, the greater humidity, or even by the shade. An important influence, which has hitherto been but little appreciated, is the protection from the wind afforded by the trees, and this the writer regards as more important than all the others together in reducing the degree of evaporation. With regard to the influence...
Page 10 - Herzegovina is almost disafforested. To sum up : (forests exercise an influence on climate which does not cease on their borders, but extends over a larger or smaller adjacent region according to the size, kind, and position of forest. Hence man by afforestation and disafforestation can modify the climate around him ; but it is an extreme position to hold that by afforestation the waste places of the earth can be made fertile. There are places incapable of being afforested, which would not give the...
Page 7 - ... as it is called, as the great starting point. Even so early in our national existence as the year 1790, the illustrious Jefferson, then Secretary of State, in obedience to a resolution of Congress calling upon the Secretary to propose a plan or plans for establishing uniformity in the currency, weights, and measures of the United States, presented a report recommending a decimal system of metrology, and its derivation from a natural and permanent standard of length. "We think Mr. Jefferson's...
Page 4 - How is it,' he pertinently asks, ' that the directive action of the globe, which clearly must result from the action of molecules of which the globe is composed, can be thus variable, while the number, position, and temperature of these molecules, and, as far as we know, all their other physical properties, remain constant ? ' But we have considered only a single region of the earth's surface. Arago's opinion will seem still more just when we examine the change which has taken place in what we may...
Page 23 - There is a tide in the affairs of men, Which, taken at the Hood, leads on to fortune ; Omitted, all the voyage of their life Is bound in shallows, and in miseries.