-because the rebel doth ever make his profit of all truces and cessations, and so of this. (2.) In the leaving of my charge (1) before I had settled the war and advertised my course to that end, (2) contrary to her Majesty's letter of prohibition.

"II. Circumstances that aggravate some:-(1.) Before my going into Ireland I drew her Majesty, by my promise, to an extreme expense, by making the army and preparations greater than the service required; I promised mountains beforehand. (2.) While I governed there--in neglecting the directions from England; in not following the advice of the Council. (3.) In my return-by bringing over so many lords and captains of quality."

Duted by Carew, "1600."

Copy, in Carew's hand. P. 1. Arranged in a curious tabular form.

Endorsed: Transcribed out of the original under his own

hand.

The EARL OF ESSEX.

His Apology to the Lords of her Majesty's Council, after he had been prisoner in the Lord Keeper's house, 1600.” "If it be objected that I came away and left my charge contrary to her Majesty's express commandment, so accompanied as it made my intent suspected, leaving the government of the kingdom unsettled, whereupon great inconveniences have grown, and the whole State of Ireland was hazarded, I answer first that (thanks be to God) no dangerous consequence hath followed of it. For during nine or ten weeks after my coming hither the whole kingdom was quiet; and since, even to this day, no important loss hath been received, but only the defeating of a convoy in an open champion country, where our men had safe and near retreats both before them and behind them. So as since the declination of that State I think there will be hardly found so long a time wherein the rebel did less mischief or the subject received less loss; which I must impute to the providence of God Almighty in his mercy, who, foreseeing the unjust imputations and malicious inferences that would be brought against me, hath disfurnished my enemies of that they thought should have been their greatest advantage, which was charging me with the loss of Ireland, though it had happened long after my coming over, and though I had remained close prisoner, while they had time to prevent the mischief.

"And for my settling of the government before my coming away, if this will not satisfy, that I ordered her Majesty's forces, employed her ablest ministers, and gave particular instructions for every province and frontier, by advice of her Majesty's Council there; yet I am sure in this court this one plea will be allowed, that I so ordered all things as you, my Lords of the Council, having received account of me when I was first committed, have not to this day altered anything of

1600.

importance in that course of government which I established at my coming away, generally for the kingdom, and particularly for every province.

"And now, having said enough for the consequence and opportunity of my coming over, I desire to know why my coming should be suspiciously apprehended. Out of Ireland there came in the same passage with me, my Lord of Southampton that was displaced, my Lord of Dunkilline, and Sir Christopher St. Lawrence, that, in this vacancy of offers and time of truce, desired by their own presence to renew the memory of their former services; Sir Henry Davers, that was not through whole of a dangerous wound; Sir Henry Dockwrey, that was before I came away. to sue for the government of Connaught; and some other knights and captains that were discharged, besides two captains that pretended great business and long absence, and some gentlemen that were my own servants, that were put out of pay by the discharging of Sir John Lee's company. But of all these, there were not ten persons that accompanied me (from the sea's side) any part of the way, and not above six that came to the Court, the rest taking their own courses and intending their private occasions.

"But what should my evil intent be? It was as easy for me to do evil as to think evil when I had a kingdom in my government and an army in my hand. And the evil I did was but to myself, for I wasted both my body and state in a costly, painful, and discomfortable service. And now, having stripped myself of all, and thrown myself at my Sovereign's feet, shall enemies or accusation prevail against demonstration, to make my intent of coming over to be held suspect? Justice and charity will not allow of these constructions made of those whose religion or descent might make them suspected, except they enforce probable grounds; and shall I (without any ground) be thus censured, who have lost my father and my brother in her Majesty's service, spent 13 of my 33 years as an officer about her Majesty's person, and seven years as a poor councillor of her State, that am of all the subjects of England most hated by all the enemies of her Majesty's religion and welfare, and for my services to her person and to her crown am so threatened with revenge as no place is safe for me but her kingdom, nor no time but her reign? No! I thank my God, I know there doth neither good Christian nor lover of his country suspect my intent. And for the imputations of the rest, I answer them with the old rule, ut quisque est . . . . bonus et sic e contra.' And now it appears that I settled the State before my coming away, and that there grew no dangerous consequence by my coming over."

Copy, the greater part in Carew's hand.

Pp. 2. Endorsed: Copied out of the original written by himself.

APPENDIX.

1589.

Vol. 635, p. 89.

1592.

Aug. 11.

Vol. 605, p. 189.

1595.

Sept. 10. Vol. 614, p. 237.

1.

2.

3.

The REVENUE.

"A Note of the Revenues in Ireland, as it was in anno 1588

and in anno 1589.

"The total of the rents and casualties paid to her Majesty, to the hands of the Vice Treasurer, betwixt Michaelmas in anno 1588 and the said feast in anno 1589, is 9,959l. 10s. 3 d. Irish; whereof there is

"Paid to sundry patentees and feodements within the said time for their fees, 5,163l. 38. 10d. Irish. And then-

"Remaineth towards the payment of the garrisons, 4,7961. 68. 51d. Ir.

"Memorandum, that within the said year were received in arrearages formerly due the sum of 4297. 38. 64d. Ir.; and for composition money, 1,521. 158. 10d. Ir. In toto, 1,950. 198. 4 d. Ir.

"Also there is yearly to be paid for the composition of the Pale in lieu of cess, which Charles Huet receiveth, per annum, 2,100l. ster."

P. 1.

LADY CAREW, Wife to Sir George.

Licence by Lord Deputy FitzWilliam to take with her into England six horses or hackneys of Irish breed. Kilmaineham, 11 August 1592. Signed.

Addressed to the customer, comptroller, and searcher of Dublin, &c.

P. 1.

TYRONE'S Rebellion.

"The Lord Treasurer [Burleigh]'s opinion touching the Earl of Tirone's reduction."

Upon sight of Sir John Norreis his letters, I find two causes of proceeding mentioned :-the one, concerning the Earl, who is the head of the rebellion, to obedience by his submission, and grant of pardon for himself and his complices; the second, by continuance of the war against him, with increase of forces for six months, to begin at a time uncertain. The charge then to be above 32,000l. only for Ulster.

"The first is the most plausible. (1.) Because thereby the whole realm may be in peace. (2.) The strange potent enemy

1595.

may be frustrated of his purpose to invade that realm. . to conquer it for himself, or to reduce it by the Pope's pretended usurpation to the rule of a king of the Irish nation, or to divide it betwixt two of their nation. (3.) By the Earl's submission he may be so limited, as the Queen may hereafter disable him to be a head of any dangerous faction..

"It is a difficult matter to advise what conditions shall be limited to yield unto for the receiving of him. Because, either upon fear of not obeying the conditions, or upon overgreat a pride of his strength both at home and abroad, he may stand upon dishonorable conditions. . . These which follow may be thought of by such of the experienced councillors of Ireland as the Lord Deputy (Russell) shall use for advice. . .

"It shall be honorable to require that the Earl shall offer his submission only for himself and his own sept of the O'Neales of Tyrone. And yet he may understand that O'Donell, Macguire, and the McMahonds may be also severally received to mercy."

II. "Conditions to be demanded of the Earl.

"(1.) That the country of Tyrone may be limited to contain no more to be by him possessed than by his letters patents is limited.

(2.) That the articles whereto he agreed at his last being in England, upon his offence for hanging of Shane O'Neale's son, may be duly observed.

(3.) That.. Tyrone may be divided into two countries and two shires, with two jails, as he himself hath required.

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(4.) That he disclaim all rule over any the Irish captains that be not of Tyrone; as of Tyrlough Bracelough, McMahonds, O'Caham, McGennis, the Captain of Clandeboyes, the Rout, and all others on the east side of the [Band].

"(5.) That he suffer the Queen's garrisons to continue in peace at Monaghan, Ardmaghe, and the Blackwater.

"(6.) That for some part of amends he deliver sufficient number of beoves for the victualling of the three garrisons for six months for (from) the time of his pardon.

(7.) That he put to liberty the sons of Shane O'Neale, and any other that he holdeth in captivity, both English and Irish.

(8.) That he shall not aid nor yield favour to O'Donnell, Macguire, O'Rorke, or McMahond, if they shall refuse reasonable conditions for their pardons.

"(9.) That he shall deliver to the Lord Deputy all such Jesuits or seminary priests as shall be named to him, and that have repaired unto him in this time of rebellion, or shall banish them, or permit them to be attached.

“(10.) For observation of all these articles he shall give as a pledge his son, as he formerly promised, and four others of his blood, as the Council of Ireland shall think meet; amongst

1595.

which the Captain of the Fuse to be one, and the principal of the O'Hagans another.

"Nota, that the Councillors of Ireland, that have been heretofore best acquainted with the treaties and agreements made with the Earl, can best discern how many of these ought to be pressed and how many others may be added.

"For O'Donnell.-His own offers for yielding of his rents and services to be renewed. That he suffer none of Connoughe to reside in Tyrconnell, nor any of his people to repair into Connoughe. That he also give some pledges for keeping of

peace.

"For Macguire. That he be content that Iniskillen may remain in her Majesty's guard for 12 months as a gage his obedience; and that also he give pledges, &c.

"For McMahond. That the accord made by Sir William Fitz Williams with the freeholders may be renewed. That the ward of Monaghan may be victualled for six months at the charge of the country.

"Nota. A general covenant to be made with them all, that none of them shall entertain in their countries any Scots or other strangers.

"Item.-Sir John Norreis is not to delay the fortifying of the Blackwater, for the finishing of that will draw the other to better conditions for her Majesty than any other per

suasions.

"Item.-If the Captain of Fewes may be separated from him, and he yield to hold his country of the Queen's Majesty, as he hath been disposed, her Majesty shall enlarge her country to obedience altogether on the east side of the Band; and shall easily reduce all the captains of those countries to receive the countries by grant from her Majesty, and yield good rents as they did in Sir John Perott's time; which would, in convenient time, be called to remembrance."

III. "The Project for continuance of the War by Sir John
Norreys: the Lord Treasurer's answers.

"It is only for recovering of Ulster, without mention for Connough, which surely is dangerous to be suffered, as that of Ulster.

"His demand is uncertain, for presently the monthly charge of his army is 5,000l. and more, and he desireth to continue the same charge for six months, to begin when he shall have 1,000 footmen and 100 horse more out of England; which will ask a good time and charge to levy them, and a time uncertain for transportation.

"He also requireth 2,000l. more for fortifications. And all this to be expended without controlment.

"And yet it may happen that at the end of six months he may be deceived."