Freedom of Speech: Rights and Liberties Under the LawAn innovative narrative approach combines history, politics, and legal doctrine to explore the origin and evolution of Americans' constitutional right to free speech.
The volume traces the origins of the freedom in English law and its development through the founding of the United States, and examines how the unique struggles of 19th century Americans over such issues as political parties, slavery, women's rights, and economic inequality transformed this traditional English right into a distinctively American one. The book outlines the ways in which the U.S. Supreme Court became the prime interpreter of the meaning of free speech and introduces readers to current court rulings on the First Amendment. It also speculates about the political and legal developments likely to emerge in the new century.
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Contents
Introduction | 1 |
Institutional Protection for the Freedom of Speech | 6 |
Why Free Speech? First Amendment Theory | 13 |
ProFree Speech Arguments | 16 |
AntiFree Speech Arguments | 26 |
Free Speech Today | 31 |
References and Further Reading | 36 |
Origins and Early Development | 41 |
Thomas Jefferson First Inaugural Address Washington DC March 4 1801 | 259 |
COMMENTARIES WITH NOTES OF REFERENCE TO THE CONSTITUTION AND L AWSOFTHE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITE... | 260 |
Alexander Hamiltons Speech in Harry Croswells Case 1804 | 261 |
Joseph Story COMMENTARIES ON THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 1833 | 262 |
BARRON V BALTIMORE 32 US 243 1833 | 263 |
Alexis de Tocqueville DEMOCRACY IN AMERICA 1833 | 264 |
Gag Rule US House of Representatives 1836 | 265 |
John Stuart Mill ON LIBERTY 1859 | 266 |
The Regulation of Speech under English Common Law | 47 |
Continuity and Change in the Colonies and Early American Law | 50 |
Founding Worries | 57 |
Speech in the Early National Era | 58 |
The Duel in the Early United States | 70 |
The Main Currents of the Law of Speech in the NineteenthCentury United States | 72 |
Robust Parties Antislavery Agitation and Speech in the United States | 75 |
Freedom and Civil War | 82 |
Thomas Cooleys Treatise and Free Speech | 84 |
The Eclipse of Privacy and Rise of Obscenity | 88 |
References and Further Reading | 93 |
The Twentieth Century | 97 |
Free Speech as Bohemian Fashion | 99 |
Political Radicalism Prior to World War I | 102 |
106 Freedom of Speech | 106 |
The Birth Control Movement and Free Speech | 109 |
World War I Free Speech and the Supreme Court | 111 |
SCHENCK ABRAMS DEBS and FROHWERK | 114 |
the Rise of the Supreme Court as the Preeminent Authority on Free Speech Rights | 119 |
Speech and the US Worker | 122 |
The Jehovahs Witnesses and the Development of the Public Forum Doctrine | 125 |
The Legion of Decency and the Hays Commission | 129 |
Welcoming Sexual Speech | 131 |
The Threat and Fear of Communism | 135 |
The Social Movements of the 1950s and 1960s | 142 |
LateCentury Progressive Attacks on Free Speech | 151 |
Doctrine and Issues at Centurys End | 153 |
References and Further Reading | 157 |
The Future of the Freedom of Speech | 161 |
The Return of the Dangers of Radical Political Speech | 162 |
Government Largesse and the Freedom of Speech | 165 |
Bribery or Constitutionally Protected Political Speech? | 169 |
Private Power Technology and the Freedom of Speech | 171 |
the Continuing Progressive Political Correctness Campaign | 176 |
Political Correctness by Other Means? | 178 |
Conclusion | 180 |
References and Further Reading | 181 |
Key People Cases and Events | 183 |
Documents | 235 |
John Milton AREOPAGITICA 1644 | 236 |
John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon Of Freedom of Speech | 238 |
Printers PHILADELPHIA GAZETTE June 10 1731 | 241 |
Montesquieu THE SPIRIT OF THE LAWS Book 12 Chapters 1213 1748 | 243 |
John Wilkes THE NORTH BRITON no 45 April 25 1763 | 244 |
THE LAWS OF ENGLAND Book 4 Paragraph 13 1769 | 245 |
Publius Alexander Hamilton FEDERALIST PAPER no 84 1787 | 246 |
US Constitution 1787 Article 1 Section 6 Speech and Debate Clause | 253 |
Sedition Act 1798 | 254 |
Letter John Marshall to a Freeholder 1798 | 255 |
James Madison Report on the Virginia Resolution 1800 | 256 |
Fourteenth Amendment US Constitution Section 1 1868 | 272 |
Theodore Schroeder LIBERTY OF CONSCIENCE SPEECH AND PRESS 1906 | 273 |
Its Theory and Practice MOTHER EARTH JanuaryFebruary 1913 | 279 |
Espionage Act of 1917 as Amended by the Sedition Act of 1918 | 283 |
Zechariah Chafee Jr from THE NEW REPUBLIC 1918 | 285 |
California Criminal Anarchy Statute Cal Pen Code sec 403a 1919 | 286 |
ABRAMS V UNITED STATES 250 US 616 1919 | 287 |
173185 | 289 |
GITLOW V NEW YORK 268 US 652 1925 | 292 |
WHITNEY V CALIFORNIA 274 US 357 1927 | 294 |
Association of America Motion Picture Production Code Hays Code Statement of General Principles January 1931 | 296 |
CAROLENE PRODUCTS CO V UNITED STATES 304 US 144 1938 | 297 |
LOVELL V CITY OF GRIFFIN 303 US 444 1938 | 298 |
THORNHILL V ALABAMA 310 US 88 1940 | 299 |
CANTWELL V CONNECTICUT 310 US 296 1940 | 300 |
The Alien Registration Act 1940 Smith Act | 301 |
the Union Address Four Freedoms Speech January 6 1941 | 302 |
CHAPLINSKY V NEW HAMPSHIRE 315 US 568 1942 | 303 |
WEST VIRGINIA STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION V BARNETTE 319 US 624 1943 | 304 |
Universal Declaration of Human Rights December 10 1948 | 305 |
KOVACS V COOPER 336 US 77 1949 | 306 |
Wheeling West Virginia February 9 1950 | 308 |
DENNIS V UNITED STATES 341 US 494 1951 | 310 |
BEAUHARNAIS V ILLINOIS 343 US 250 1952 | 312 |
YATES V UNITED STATES 354 US 298 1957 | 315 |
ROTH V UNITED STATES 354 US 476 1957 | 316 |
NAACP V ALABAMA 357 US 449 1958 | 317 |
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights December 16 1966 | 318 |
GINZBURG V UNITED STATES 383 US 463 1966 | 319 |
Herbert Marcuse Repressive Tolerance and Postscript 1969 | 320 |
TINKER V DES MOINES 393 US 503 1969 | 323 |
BRANDENBURG V OHIO 395 US 444 1969 | 325 |
COHEN V CALIFORNIA 403 US 15 1971 | 328 |
MILLER V CALIFORNIA 413 US 15 1973 | 329 |
BUCKLEY V VALEO 424 US 1 1976 | 330 |
FCC V PACIFICA FOUNDATION 438 US 726 1978 | 332 |
All Forms of Discrimination against Women December 18 1979 | 335 |
TEXAS V JOHNSON 491 US 397 1989 | 336 |
RUST V SULLIVAN 500 US 173 1991 | 337 |
RAV v St Paul 505 US 377 1992 | 339 |
515 US 819 1995 | 340 |
517 US 484 1996 | 342 |
RENO V ACLU 521 US 844 1997 | 344 |
NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS V FINLEY 524 US 569 1998 | 346 |
Chronology | 349 |
Table of Cases | 361 |
Bibliography | 365 |
371 | |
About the Author | 395 |