Jupiter, 400; his assumption of the
probable centre of solar motion, 713.
Magellanic clouds, 738.

Maginus, 212.

Main, measures of Saturn by, 422.
Mark, meridian, 27.

Mars, mass of, 298; position of, 346;
period, 347; distance, 348; excentricity,
349; orbit, 350; division of synodic
period, 351; apparent motion. 352;
stations and retrogressions, 353; phases,
354; apparent and real diameter, 355;
solar light and heat, 356; rotation, 357;
days and nights, 358; seasons and
climates, 359; observations of Beer and
Mädler, 360; areographic character,
361; telescopic views of, 362; polar
snow, 363; possible satellite, 365.
Marth, discovery of Amphitrite by, 372.
Maskelyne, Schehallien experiment by, 79.
Mass of earth. 78; of moon, 204; of sun,
237; of Mercury, 319; of Venus, 335;
of Jupiter, 411; of Saturn, 456; of
Uranus, 473; of Neptune, 490; formulæ
for computation of, 760 et seq.; mass of
planets generally, 788.
Massilia, 372, 785.

Mean solar time, 140, 144; dissemination
of, at Greenwich, 803.
Melete, 372. 785.
Meliba, 372, 785.
Melpomene, 372, 785.

Mercury, period of, 310; distance, 311;
greatest elongation, 312; orbit, 313; ap-
parent motion, 314; apparent diameter,
316; real diameter. 317; volume, 318;
mass and density, 319; solar light and
heat, 320; alleged discovery of moun-
tains, 323.

Meridian, celestial, 94; terrestrial, 110;
fixed, 112.

Meridional observations, reduction of, 802.
Meteorolites, orbit of November ring of,
786 a.

Metis. 372, 785.

Micrometer, 1; parallel-wire, 18; double-
image, 20; wires, 28.
Microscopes, use of, 16, 35.
Midnight, 141.

Milky way, 718.

Miller, observations of spectra of stars by,
813.

Mimas, 449; its period and distance, 450.
Minerva, 372, 785.

Miriam, 372, 785.
Missing stars, 691.
Mnemosyne, 372, 785.
Month, lunar, 203.

Moon, appearance of, when rising and
setting; oval form of disk, 161; distance,
189; linear value of 1" on it, 190; appa-
rent and real diameter, 191; apparent
and real motion, 192; orbit, 194; apsides,
apogee, and perigee, progres-ion of ap-
sides, 195; nodes, 196; rotation, 197;
inclination of axis, 198; libration in lati-
tude, 199; in longitude, 200; phases, 202;
synodic period, 203; mass and density,
204; no air upon, 205; moonlight, 206;
no liquid on, 207; disk, 210; surface,
211; description of surface, 212; sup-
posed influence of, on weather, 215;
other supposed lunar influences, 216;
remarks on lunar theory, 217; com-

NADIR, 93.

Nasmyth, his willow-leaves on the sun's
disk, 809.

Nautical Almanac, times of eclipses of
Jupiter's satellites given in, 541.
Neap tides, 223.

Nebula. See Clusters.
Nebular bypothesis, 725.
Nemausa, 372, 785
Nemesis, 372, 785

Neptune, discovery of, 474; researches of
Le Verrier and Adams, 477; its actual
discovery by Galle at Berlin, 479; its
predicted and observed places in near
proximity, 480; orbit, 481; comparison
of the effects of the real and predicted
planets, 483; period, 485; distance, 486;
relative orbits of, and ear h, 487; appa-
rent and real diameter, 488; satellite.
489; mass and density, 490; apparent
magnitude of the sun at, 491; suspected
ring, 492.

Newcomb, researches on the mutual rela-
tions between the orbits of the plane-
toids, 337 ".

Newton, H. A., his researches on the
orbits of meteorolites, 786 a.

Nicolai, determination of the mass of
Jupiter by, 411.

Niobe, 372, 785.

Nodes, of moon, 196; retrogression, 196;
ascending and descending, of planets,
293; line of, 744; longitude of ascending,

745.

Noan, 141.

Northumberland equatorial at Cambridge,

50.

Nubeculæ, najor and minor, 738.
Nucleus of a comet, 618.
Nutation, 184.

Nysa, 372, 785.

OBERON, 470.

Obliquity of the ecliptic, 125.

Observatory, Royal. See Royal Observa-

tory.

Occultation, defined, 547 by the moon,
548 longitude determined by, 549; in-
dicates presence or absence of atmo-
sphere, 550; singular visibility of a star
projecte on moon's disk after com-
mencement of, 551; suggested applica-
tion of lunar occultations to resolve
double stars, 552; by Saturn's rings, 553.
Olbers, discovery of minor planets by, 368,
371; hypothesis of a fractured planet,
369; discovery of a comet by, 612.
Olympia, or Elpis, 372, 785.
Opposition, 274; distance of planets from
earth at, 786.

Orbital velocities, formulæ for computa-
tion, 770; of planets generally, 789.
Orion, the great nebula in, 736, 813.
Oxford, heliometer at, 46.

Perigee, 195.

Perihelion, 283; place of, 286; longitude
of, 746.

Period, 268; synodic, 276; sidereal, of
planets generally, 785

Feriodic stars, table of, 687, 815.
Perrotin, discovery of Tolosa by, 372.
Perseus, remarkable star in, 686.
Peters, C. A. F., determination of the

parallax of fixed stars, 171; comet dis-
covered by, 598.

Peters, C. H. F., minor planets discovered
by, 372.

Phases, of moon, 202; of a planet, 282; of
Venus, 341; of Mars, 354.

Phocea, 372, 785.

Piazzi, discovery of Ceres by, 367.
Pigott, comet discovered by, 597.
Planetary data, 739.

Planetoids, or minor planets, 366; dis-
covery of Ceres, 367; of Pallas, 368;
Olbers' hypothesis of a fractured planet,
369; discovery of Juno, 370; of Vesta,
371 of the other minor planets. 372;
decrease in brightness of successive
groups of, 373; duplicate discoveries,
374; arrangement for continuous ob-
servation of, 375; zeal of discoverers of,
376: mutual relations between the
orbits of, 377 a; force of gravity on, 378.
Planets, primary and secondary, 264:
planetary motions, 266: inferior and
superior, 267; periods, 268; synodic mo-
tion, 269; geocentric and heliocentric
motions, 270; elongation, 272; conjunc-
tion, 273; opposition, 274: quadrature,
275; Synodic period, 276; inferior and
superior conjunction, 277; direct and
retrograde motion, 278; visible in ab-
sence of sun, 279; morning and evening
star, 280 appearance of superior, at
various elongations, 281; phases, 282;
perihelion, aphelion, mean distance, 283;
major and minor axes and excentricity,
284: apsides, anomaly, 285; place of
perihelion, 286; inclination of orbits,
nodes, 292: zodiac, 294; to determine
real diameters and volumes, 295; to
determine masses, 296; of Mars, 298; of
Venus and Mercury, 299; of the moon,
300; classification in groups, 306.
Pogson, discovery of minor planets by,
372.

Priming of the tides, 225.

Procyon, companion of, 811.

Proper motion, of stars, 708; of sun, 709
et seq., 812.

Proserpine, 372. 785.

Psyche, 372. 785.

Pulkowa, prime-vertical instrument at,
48.

Pyramids, remarkable circumstance con-
nected with, 183.

QUADRATURE, 275.

RADIATING streaks on moon's surface, 212.
Rate of astronomical clock, 22.
Rays, solar, 259.

Reduction of meridional observations, 802.
Reflector, by Sir W. Herschel, 44; by
Lord Rosse. 45.

Refraction, atmospher c. 152; law of, 153;
quantity of, 154; notice of tables of.
155; effect on objects rising and setting,
157; effect of barometer on, 158; of
thermometer, 159: oval form of disks of
sun and moon explained by, 161; effect
of, in total eclipses, 533.

Reich, observation of Cavendish's experi-
ment by, So; of the descent of a body to
the earth by, 104.

Retrograde motion, 278, 783.

Rhea, 449; its distance and period, 450.
Right ascension, 31.

Rings of Saturn, 429.

Roemer, observation of Jupiter's satellites
by, 542.

Rosse, Earl of, telescopes of, 45: observa-
tions of moon, 214; of clusters and
nebulae, 733 et seq.

Rotation, of planets generally, 788. See
the Separate Planets.

Royal Observatory, transit circle at, 47:
altazimuth at, 49; great equatorial at
51 chronograph at, Sor; dissemination
of mean time from, 803; time-signal-
sent through Atlantic cable from, 805
Russell, chart of moon by, 211.

SAFFORD, identification of Feronia by. 372:
researches on orbits of Sirius and Pro-
cyon by, 811.

Santini, determination of the mass of Ju-
piter by, 411.
Sappho. 372, 785.

Satellites, to determine masses of, 305.
See Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,
Neptune, Planets.

Saturn, 415; Saturnian system, ib.; period.
416 distance, 417; orbit, 418; orbital
motion, 419; no phases, 420; stations
and retrogressions, 421; apparent and
real diameter, 422; relative magnitude of,
and earth, 423; diurnal rotation, 424:
inclination of axis to orbit, 425; days
and nights, year, 426; belts and atmo
sphere, 427; solar light and heat, 428:
rings, 429; position of nodes of ring and
inclination to ecliptic, 430: apparent and
real dimensions of rings. 431; thickness
of rings, 432; Schmiots observations
and drawings of, 434: Herschel's obser-
vations, 435; supposed mul iplicity of

rings, 436; ring probably triple, observa-
tions of Lassell and Dawes, 437; re-
searches of Bessel, 438; obscure ring,
439; drawing of, and rings, in 1852, 440;
mass of rings, 441; stability of rings, 442:
rotation of rings, 444; excentricity of
rings, 445 satellites, 447; their dis-
covery, 449; their distances and periods,
450; elongations and relative distances,
451; phases and appearances of satellites,
452; magnitudes, 453; rotation on their
axes, 455; mass of Saturn, 456; density,

457.

Schehallien, its attraction measured, 79.
Schiaparelli, discovery of Hesperia by, 372.
Schmidt, observations and drawings of
Saturn by, 434.

Schröter, observations of Venus by, 339.
Schubert, identification of Melete by, 372.
Schwabe, observations of spots on sun by,
250.

Searle, discovery of Pandora by, 372.
Seasons, 129.

Secchi, observations of the solar eclipse of
1860 by, 524 of spectra of stars by, 813.
Second on earth's surface, length of, 60.
Semele. 372, 785.

Sidereal clock indicates right ascension, 32.
Sidereal time, 90, 142.

Sidereal year, 176; of planets generally,

785.

tudes arbitrary, 666; Herschel's astro-
meter, 668; comparative lustre of a
Centauri, with full moon, 670; compa-
rison of the intrinsic splendour of sun
and fixed star, 673; Lardner's astrometer,
674; astrometric table of 190 principal,
675; use of telescope in stellar observa-
tions, 676; telescopic stars, 678: stellar
nomenclature, 679; use of pointers, 680;
of star maps, 681; of celestial globe, 682;
proper motion of, 708; effect of sun's
supposed motion on apparent places of,
710; motion of sun inferred from proper
motion of, 711.

Stars (periodic, temporary, and multiple),
684; variable, 685; tables of periodic,
687, 815; temporary, 689; missing, 691;
double, 692; researches of Sir W. and
Sir J. Her chel, 692; Struve's classifi-
cation of donble, 696; selection of double,
697 coloured double, 698; triple and
multiple, 699; attempts to discover the
parallax by double stars, 700; observa-
tions of Sir W. Herschel, 701; exten-
sion of law of gravitation to, 703; orbit
of star around star, 704; remarkable
case of y Virginis, 705; magnitudes of
stellar orbits, 707.

Stellar clusters and nebulæ, 721. See
Clusters.

Stellar nomenclature, 679.

Stellar universe, 2.

Stéphan, discovery of Julia by, 372.

Stone, remarks on the solar corona by,
525; researches on solar parallax by, 807.

comet by. 641.

Solar eclipses, 500.

Solar gravitation, 772.

Solar heat and light, 788. See Planets,

Sun.

Spring tides, 223.

Star, pole, 86; morning and evening, 280,
331; singular visibility of, after com-
mencement of occultation, 551; suggested
application of lunar occultations to re-
solve double stars. 552.

Stars (fixed), absence of sensible parallax

of, 168; Henderson's discovery of paral-
lax of a Centauri, 170; parallax of a few
stars ascertained, 171; orders of magni-
tude, 657; absence of disk proved, 663;
meaning of the term magnitude as ap-
plied to, 664; classification by magni-

solar system in space, 711; observations
of companion of Sirius, 811.

Struve, W., research on parallax of fixed
stars, 171; dimensions of rings of Saturn,
431 drawing of Encke's comet, 627; of
Halley's comet, 629 et seq.; classification
of double stars by, 696.

Sun, distance, 145: oval form of disk
near rising and setting, 161; effect of at-
traction on tides, 222; apparent and real
magnitude, 234; surface and volume,
236; mass and density, 237: form and
rotation, 238; spots, 239; atmospheres,
241; observations by Capocci, 245; by
Pastorff, 246, 247; by Sir J. Herschel,
248; by Schwabe, 250; Kirchhoff's
researches, 252; prominences seen in
daylight, 255; solar envelopes, 256;
violent solar outbursts, 257; rays calo-
rific, 259: probable cause of solar heat,
260; distance determined by transit of
Venus, 546; comparison of lustre of,
with full moon, 671; of light with a
Centauri, 672; of intrinsic splendour of,
and fixed star, 673; not a fixed centre,
709 effect of supposed motion on places
of the stars, 710; velocity of solar mo-
tion, 712; probable centre of solar mo-
tion, 713; Nasmyth's willow-leaves on,
809.

Superficial gravity, 769.

Superior planet, apparent motion of, 782;
as projected on the ecliptic, 784.
Surface, formula for computation of, 759;
of planets generally, 787.
Sylvia, 372, 785.

Synodic motion, 269; period, 276.
Synoptical table of the principal elements

110.

Terrestrial longitudes, observed difference
of, 804.

Tethys, 449; its distance and period, 450.
Thalia, 372, 785.

Themis, 372; mass of Jupiter from ob-
servations of, 411; elements of orbit,
&c. 785.

Thermometer, effect of reading of, on re-
fraction, 159.
Thetis, 372, 785.
Thisbe, 372, 785.
Thyra, 372. 785.

Tides, 218; lunar influence, 219; sun's at-
traction, 222; spring and neap, 223;
priming and lagging, 225; researches of
Whewell and Lubbock, 826; diurnal in
equality, 228; local effects of land, 229;
velocity of tidal wave, 230; range, 231;
effect of atmosphere, 232.

Tietjen, discovery of Semele by, 372.
Time, sidereal, 90, 142; mean solar, or

civil, 140, 144; apparent solar, 144; equa-
tion of, 144.

Titan, 449; its distance and period, 450.
Titania, 470.

Tolosa, 372, 785.

Total eclipse, of sun, 503; of moon, 528.
Trade winds, 233.

Transit circle, Greenwich, 47.

Transit instrument, 23.

Transit observation, method of making a,
28; reduction of, 802.
Transit, of Jupiter's satellites, 535; of the
inferior planets, 544 conditions, 544;
intervals, 545: sun's distance determined
by, of Venus, 546. See Eclipse.
Tropical or equinoxial year, 176.
Tropies, 133.

Tuttle, discovery of minor planets by, 372.
Twilight, 160, 344.

Tycho, 212.

Tycho Brahe, temporary star observed by,

689.

lume, 466; diurnal rotation and physi
cal character of surface, 467; solar light
and heat, 468; suspected rings, 469: sa-
tellites, 470; inclination of their orbits,
471; their motion and phases, 472;
mass and density of Uranus, 473; un-
explained disturbances of motion, 475;
remarkable anticipation of the discovery
of, 605.

VALA, 372, 785.

Valencia island, determination of longi-
tude of, 804.

Variable stars 685; catalogue of, 815.
Velleda, 372, 785.

Velocity, orbital, formula for computation
of, 770; of planets generally, 789.
Venus, mass of, 299; period, 324; dis-
tance, 325; orbit, 327; apparent motion,
328; stations and retrogression, 329:
morning and evening star, 331; apparent
diameter, 332; real diameter, 334; mass
and density, 335; superficial gravity,
336; solar light and heat, 337; rotation,
probable mountains, 338; observations
of Cassini, Herschel, and Schröter,
339; of Beer and Madler, 340; of De
Vico, 342; axis of rotation. 343; twilight,
344: form, suspected satellite, 345; transit
of, December 8, 1874, 816.
Vernier, 15.

Vertical circles, 93.
Vertical, prime, 94.
Vesta, 371, 785, 786.
Vibilia, 372.

Vico, De, observations of Venus by, 342;
comets discovered by, 584, 613.
Victoria, 372, 785.
Virginia, 372, 785.
Virginis, orbit of y, 705.

Volume, of moon, 204; of sun, 236;
method of determining, 295; of Mer-
cury, 318 of Jupiter, 389; of Saturn.
423; of Uranus, 466; formula for com-
putation of, 759; of earth, 764; of
planets generally, 787.

Vulcan, alleged discovery of, 309.

WATSON, discovery of minor planets by. 372.
Weather, supposed influence of moon on,

215.

Westphal, comet discovered by, 615.
Whewell, researches on tides by, 226.
Willow-leaves on sun's surface, discovered
by Nasmyth, 809.

Winds, trade, 233.

Winnecke, comet discovered by, 586; re-
searches on solar parallax, 807.

Witte, Madame, model of moon by, 211.
Wollaston, comparison of the lustre of the
moon and sun, 671.

YEAR, equinoxial or tropical, 176; side-
real, ib.

ZENITH, 84, 93; distance, 38, 97.
Zodiac, 131, 294; sigus of, 132.