the first word, or to any part of it; and perhaps no name is intended; but, in allusion to the masons' marks around the inscription, some waggish workmen, using characters not commonly understood, may have inscribed-" Tolf (twelve) ohnar (idlers) cut these marks on these stones." And yet, in that case, the last word should be plural, stainr, and not stain ; but such violations of grammar are not uncommon in Runes. The inscriber of the puzzle may have come from the Isle of Man ; for it is to this period (the tenth and eleventh centuries) that the inscriptions now existing there, in Scandinavian Runes, are referred by Professor Munsch.

A brief conversation ensued, during which Dr. Charlton stated that he had just received a letter from Dr. Haigh, informing him of the discovery at Hackness, near Scarborough, of a trilingual inscription, containing Runes. This inscription he would bring forward at a future meeting.

NORFOLK AND NORWICH ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Nov. 1st. The quarterly meeting of this society was held at the Guildhall, Norwich, Sir T. B. Beevor, Bart. in the chair.

Mr. Harrod, hon. secretary, read a communication from Mr. Goddard Johnson respecting some discoveries of Roman remains at Gooderstone, which was accompanied by a hollow brick of Roman make found at that place. Mr. Harrod observed that it would be desirable if some gentleman in the neighbourhood would make further investigations, as the flue brick, and other Roman remains, indicated the existence of a house on or near the site where it was found.

Mr. Harrod also read a letter, containing some information as to the discovery of several urns, at Ditchingham (fragments of which were sent for exhibition), where further researches are being prosecuted by Mr. Woodward.

Mr. Harrod next read a paper written by himself, containing an account of the visit of Queen Elizabeth Woodville to the city of Norwich, in the 9th year of Edward the Fourth's reign. The particulars of which he had gathered from the city records (the Chamberlain's accounts), a visit which he had not found recorded in any of the chronicles of the times.

Mr. J. H. Druery read a valuable paper on the retirement of Eborard, Bishop of Norwich, to Fontenay, by which an error in Blomfield's History of Norfolk is corrected.

Mr. Harrod gave an interesting occount of some recent investigations made by himself at Burgh Castle. He had satisfactorily ascertained that remains previously found in 1850 were foundations, as he had now found, in the same line, portions of the GENT. MAG. VOL. XLIV.

wall itself, and some oak piling on which a portion of the wall was built. These discoveries were made at the lower part of of the Castle field, near the bank which divides it from the meadows on the banks of the Waveney. The foundations he had traced for the space of 200 feet, in a line nearly parallel with the bank at the bottom of the field, and, as he apprehended, this formed the west wall of the castrum. Having satisfied himself of the existence of this wall, his next endeavour was to connect it with the upper walls. On the previous examination, at the end of the north wall he dug a trench, and at the depth of 12 or 13 feet he came to a layer of flint, upon which the foundation of the wall had been laid, and he traced it for 10 or 12 feet running in a straight line, but evidently inclining down the hill. On the last occasion, he made an examination of the meadow very nearly in a line with it at the north-west corner, and at the depth of seven feet, immediately under the gateway in the meadows across the footpath to Belton, he met with an immense mass of Roman concrete. He was unable to extend his discoveries further, as the water rose in the trenches, and he had no means of emptying them. On a future occasion he had Sir John Boileau's permission to continue his researches, which he hoped to be able to do at no distant day. The only coin he found was one of Constantine, and this, with numerous specimens of the pot tery, &c., found, were placed on the table.

Among the antiquities exhibited at the meeting were a Flint Celt, found at Ipswich, weighing 59 ounces, the largest known; others found at Belton, Suffolk, at Diss, and Hoxne, Suffolk; Stone Celt found at Loddon; Stone Hammers found at Yarmouth and Reepham; Flint Arrowheads, found at Roydon, and Attleborough; bronze Arrow-head, found at Dereham; bronze Ring, found at Barham, Suffolk : all from R. Fitch, esq.; costume of the two Norwich Whifflers, and of the Bearer of the Blue Standard; Wm. Enfield, esq. A copy of Ciceronis Opera Philosophica, Paris, 1543, formerly in the possession of Sir Thomas Wotton, and bound in the Grolier style, about A.D. 1550, with this inscription on the sides, "Thomæ Wottoni, et Amicorum;" and some other curious books by Mr. C. Muskett.

LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL AND ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Oct. 29. At a Committee meeting Mr. T. L. Walter presented to the society an historical account of the church of Ilkeston, Derbyshire, compiled by himself; together with a lithographic print of it, as recently restored from his designs and under his superintendence. 4 M

Mr. James Thompson exhibited a fibula and arrow-head, recently discovered in a Saxon interment in a neighbouring county. The excavations were likely to be continued, the results of which he hoped to communicate at a future meeting.

The Rev. R. Burnaby exhibited a silver ring, dug up in 1820, at Shudy Camps, Cambridgeshire, inscribed LOVE-AND

OBAY. The letter R, with which it is stamped inside, was the Assay Office letter for the year 1594.

G. H. Nevinson, esq. exhibited a small bronze figure, seated, with a ring attached to the hinder part of it, from which four short chains, with small staples at the ends of them, were suspended. Also, four third-brass Roman coins; two of them of Constantius and Crispus.

T. Nevinson, esq. exhibited the door of an Aumbrey in oak, containing a repretentation of a winged person, surrounded by dragons' heads, intertwined with foliage. The carving was rude in execution, and appeared to be probably of the thirteenth century. The iron hinges upon it were good, and worthy of imitation.

Mr. Ingram produced for more minute inspection some objects of curiosity lately exhibited at the public meeting of the society. They are the property of John Marriott, esq. of Beeby, and were found four or five years ago, about two-and-a half feet below the surface of an old grass field in that parish, when being drained. They consist of a necklace, three fibule, and three hooks-and-eyes, from a Saxon interment. The bones were reduced to powder, but a few teeth were preserved. The necklace consisted of seventy beads, varying in size from a pepper-corn to oneand-a-half inch diameter, and of various shapes. The largest were of glass, or crystal, and amber; the smallest, of semitransparent blue glass. Others were like red pottery, inlaid with yellow and green; white, ornamented with red and blue; or black, with yellow and red. The two largest of the fibulæ were above four inches long. The hook-and-eyes were of silver, the part for sewing them to the dress being large.

The Rev. J. M. Gresley read a paper containing abstracts of several charters relating to Gracedieu Priory, Leicestershire, not noticed by either Dugdale or Nichols. He also exhibited some of the original documents, two of them from among the Evidences of Lord Ferrars, one of which has a large fragment of the common seal remaining appendant. Mr. Gresley produced drawings of the privy seal of the first Prioress, and of the Common or Chapter seal of the house; the former from the print of it in Nichols's Leicestershire, the latter hitherto unpublished.

OXFORD ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.

Nov. 7. The first meeting of the Term was held in the Society's rooms in Holywell Street. The President, the Rev. the Rector of Exeter college, took the chair. The Secretary read the report of the Committee, in which much praise was bestowed upon the new front of Jesus College, and the buildings in course of erection at Exeter college. It was hoped that the example of the latter building would lead to the general adoption of a better style of architecture for collegiate purposes.

The President remarked that Mr. Scott and himself had lately discovered in Exeter college some evident remains of the original fourteenth-century building.

was

England has

Mr. Hingston, of Exeter college, read a paper on the Ecclesiology of Cornwall, ancient and modern. He remarked that "Cornwall is probably richer in antiquities of every kind than any other county; in relics, not only of the earliest days of Christianity, but also of Phoenician, Druidical, and Roman times. been called the Land of Saints,-Cornwall is the Home of Saints; the Churches are mostly dedicated to Saints who lived and died in the county, and the parishes are still called by their names. The earliest ecclesiastical building is St. Peran's Oratory. It was overwhelmed by the drifting of the sand in the 9th century. A second church was built further inland, and this overwhelmed in 1780." Having briefly described the remains of Saxon architecture at Tintagel, and of Norman, First-pointed, Middle-pointed, in different churches in the county, Mr. Hingston proceeded to give some account of the old Crosses, Fonts, Holy Wells, and Baptisteries. He then discussed the present aspect of Ecclesiology in Cornwall, gave an amusing account of Chacewater Church, and others of the "Compo" class, of the improvement manifested in St. Paul's Penzance, and of the late restorations and new churches by Mr. Street and other eminent architects, specifying as particularly successful Mr. Street's restoration of Sheviocke Church. The paper was illustrated by some plates of Crosses from Mr. Hingston's own work on the subject, and by some beautiful drawings lent by G. E. Street, esq. F.A.S., Diocesan Archi

tect.

KILKENNY AND SOUTH-EAST OF IRELAND ACHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

At the November meeting the chair was occupied by the Very Rev. the Dean of Leighlin.

Presents were received,-from Hodder Westrop, esq. a gutta-percha impression from the fragment of a matrix of an ecclesiastical seal in his possession, a portion

of the figure of a bishop, seated, and the inscription ARDMACHAENSIS EPI, probably of the end of the thirteenth century. From Edward Benn, esq. a coloured plate of various glass beads found in Ireland.

Archdeacon Cotton sent for exhibition the head of a small stone cross, cut in sandstone, and inscribed with the Irish legend OR DO CORMAC P.... (imperfect at the termination), supposed to be the smallest specimen of the early sepulchral cross extant. It had been dug up at Lismore Cathedral, and was finally to be restored to its proper locality.

Mr. Lawless, of Kilkenny, sent for ex-. hibition a silver pectoral cross (probably of the fifteenth century) composed of four Maltese crosses attached round a fifth; in the centre is set a fine garnet, a smaller stone of the same kind in one of the outer crosses, and two turquoise(?) in two others; the fourth had lost its stone.

The Rev. G. H. Reade communicated the discovery, near Inniskeen, Dundalk, of a specimen of the so-called Ring-money, unique, in being composed of 64 plates of dark and pale gold alternating, the plates most beautifully joined so as to form a continuous bar. As usual, the ring was not soldered where the ends met. It had been purchased by Evelyn P. Shirley, esq.

Mr. James F. Ferguson sent a transcript of the following letter, throwing some light on electioneering practices in the county of Kilkenny a century and a half ago. The writer was an ancestor of the present Sir R. Langrishe, of Knocktopher, and it has been preserved in the Irish Exchequer amongst the papers of Baron Worth. It was as follows:

wth Mr. Worth in ye Expences Equall shares. The same day the Knights of the shiere will bee chosen at Knocktopher, & ye Coll: thinks yt will bee ye best time for to choose members for ye Burrow of Knocktopher, because most of ye Colls & Mr. Wall's tents are freeholders of ye County as well as Ellectrs for yt Burrow

there is a Hogshead of Wine provided & I will provide Cold meate. If Mr. Worth has any Comands for mee let him direct to mee to Knocktopher near Kilkenny. I hope Mr. Worth will contribute something towards bringing a horse Barrack to [Knoc]ktopher. The post is j[ to give my service to [

Coz. Dolly & Jane.

"Dr. Sr.

"Yor most afft coz, and most humble servt, "Jo. LANGRishe.

"If Mr. Worth cannot bee at Knocktopher I doubt not but to carry his Election in his absence."

The Rev. James Graves contributed a transcript of an ancient charter relating, as supposed, to the family of the annalist Clynn, of Kilkenny, of which very little was known. The original is deposited in the Evidence Chamber, Kilkenny Castle.

Mr. Patrick Kennedy, of Dublin, contributed an interesting legend of a serpent-haunted lake on Mount Leinster, and some other traditionary recollections of the district at the Wexford side of the mountain.

Mr. Henry O'Neill sent a paper on the inscriptions to be found on that curious remain of ancient Irish art, the Cross of Cong. This relic was presented to the Royal Irish Academy some years ago by the late lamented Dr. M'Cullagh, having been purchased by him for the sum of 150%.

The Rev. James Graves read an important paper, by John P. Prendergast, esq. barrister-at-law, on the "Ulster Creaghts."

The Crimea.-Gen. Simpson has resigned the command of the English Army in the Crimea, and was succeeded on Nov. 11 by Lieut.-Gen. Sir William Codrington.

The following stores were taken in Sebastopol, according to the official accounts :-Iron guns, 3,711; brass ditto, 128; shot, 407,314; shell, 101,755; packages of grape, 24,080; gunpowder, 525,000 lb.; ball cartridges, 470,000 in

good condition, and 160,000 damaged; bar iron and steel, 1,460,000 lb. ; 434,000 lb. of copper, and 25,000 of brass; a large quantity of deal timber, masts, yards, &c.; 2,000 tons of small coal for the use of the forges; and a great number of machines of different kinds, &c. Of provisions there were found 500 tons of bread, 150 of flour, 9 of barley, 117 of buckwheat, 18 of oats, 20 of wheat, 14 of peas, and 60 tons of

salt meat, besides 500 qrs. of wheat in the granaries.

A heavy explosion of a store of powder at the French siege train near Inkermann took place about 3 p.m. on Nov. 15. It communicated fire to the English siege train close to it, where there was no powder, but a quantity of naval live shells. The loss of life and damage done is considerable. The French magazines contained altogether 30,000 kilogrammes of powder, 600,000 cartridges, 300 charged shells, and other projectiles. At six o'clock the English and French workmen were masters of the fire. The French loss consists of 30 killed, including two officers, and some hundred wounded, among whom are 10 officers. The English lost one officer and 21 men killed, three officers and 116 men wounded.

A successful coup-de-main has been executed at Eupatoria by Gen. d'Allonville. Having received information that large flocks, for the use of the Russian army, were collected at El Toch, eight leagues north of Eupatoria, he sent Ali Pasha, the commander of the Turkish cavalry, with a considerable force, who succeeded in surprising the Russians and in capturing 270 oxen, 3,450 sheep, 50 horses, 10 camels, and 20 waggons.

The Kinburn expedition has returned to the Crimea, leaving a French garrison to hold the fortress.

Admiral Bruat's period of command in the Black Sea having expired, he has returned to France, after resigning the command of the French squadron into the hands of Rear Admiral Pellion on the 4th November. We regret to add, that Admiral Bruat died at Messina on his way home, from an attack of suppressed gout.

The strength of the English army in the Crimea is estimated at little short of 50,000 men, of whom 6,000 are cavalry and 9,000 artillery. This is exclusive of the Turkish contingent under Gen. Vivian, which numbers 20,000. The total strength of the allies is above 200,000.

Captain Sherrard Osborne reports that on the 5th and 6th Nov. a flotilla, under his orders, in the Sea of Azoff, destroyed enormous quantities of grain and forage of this year's harvest, which was compactly stacked in six tiers extending two miles along the coast, near Gheiskliman, ready to be conveyed to the Crimean army after the formation of the ice in the Gulf of Azoff. The enterprise was effected in a most brilliant manner, by landing on three points under cover of the gunboats of the allies, in the face of not less than 4,000 cavalry and infantry. Our loss amounted to only six wounded.

Asia. The Russian loss in the battle

before Kars proved to be much larger than was stated in the first accounts. 6,500 were found dead on the field, but the number of wounded is unknown. The Turkish forces engaged were about 9,000 men, those of the Russians 27,000 men and 48 guns. The Turkish loss amounted to 1,072 hors de combat, of whom 361 were killed, besides about 150 Karslees, whose casualties it was impossible to ascertain accurately. Gen. Mouravieff has announced to his government that notwithstanding the failure of the attack of Sept. 29 the blockade of Kars continued, and that the garrison was reduced to great distress. We learn, however, from Kars itself that several convoys have reached the town.

During the month of October Omar Pasha was engaged in collecting and organising an army at Souchum Kaleh. In the beginning of November he found himself in a position to make a movement in advance in the direction of Kutais, and at noon on the 6th he forded the river Ingour in Mingrelia, at the head of 20,000 men, and defeated the Russians, computed at 10,000 including militia, and partly entrenched. The enemy lost about 400 in killed and wounded, 60 prisoners, and five pieces of cannon. The Turkish loss

was upwards of 300.

France. The King of Sardinia arrived at Marseilles on his way to visit Paris and London on the 22nd Nov. at 9 A.M. and left that town for Lyons at 11. His Majesty reached Paris on the 23rd at 1 P.M. and was met at the railway station by Prince Napoleon.

His Majesty was expected to leave Paris on the 29th, and to arrive in London on the 30th Nov.

Thirty-six individuals implicated in an attempt to plunder the city of Angers, on the night of the 26th August last, were tried by the correctional court of Angers on the 24th Oct. All were convicted of having formed part of the bands which marched to the gates of the city on that night, and being affiliated to the secret society of the Marianne. They were accordingly sentenced to from one month to two years' imprisonment.

A circular was published in the Moniteur of Oct. 20, addressed by the Minister of the Interior, M. Billault, to the prefects of departments, in which he announces that, in consequence of the deficient harvest, the export of grain continues to be prohibited; and a sum of ten million francs from the State is to be placed at the disposal of local functionaries, to provide food for the poor.

Spain. A new Tariff Bill proposed by Senor Bruil, the minister of finance, has

been published in the Gazette, which will modify to a considerable extent the present extravagantly protectionist system of Spain, and at the same time increase the revenue. The duties will still be high, and perhaps prohibitory in effect, with regard to coarser manufactured goods. The reductions will affect the duties on woollen and cotton manufactures, paper, earthenware, iron, and coals. At the same time it is proposed to raise the duties on fish, colonial produce, guano, wood, and steel.

Austria.-A Societé de Crédit Mobilier, similar to that at Paris, has been founded at Vienna. The concession is granted to the house of Rothschild. The capital will be 15,000,000 fl. (1,500,0007.) Sir George Hamilton Seymour, G.C.B. late ambassador at St. Petersburg, succeeds the Earl of Westmoreland as British Minister at the Court of Vienna.

Prussia.-Under date of Oct. 22 the king signed an order for a loan of 7,800,000 thalers (1,170,0007.) at 43 per cent., the proceeds of which are to be applied to Railway purposes.

Sweden. Gen. Canrobert has been for some time at Stockholm on a diplomatic mission from the Emperor of the French. His ostensible object is to make a report to the Emperor on the military resources of Sweden; but it is generally believed that the real purpose of his mission is, if possible, to make arrangements with Sweden, in order that that power should join the allies in the spring. His reception by the Court and people is reported to have been cordial and enthusiastic. After leaving Stockholm Gen. Canrobert proceeded to Copenhagen, where he arrived on the 24th Nov.

Russia.-The harvest is stated to have been deficient. Considerable quantities of corn are being imported from Prussia for the supply of the western provinces.

The Emperor has returned to St. Petersburg from a visit to the southern part of his dominions and the neighbourhood of the seat of war.

Greece. The session of the Chambers was opened on the 12th Nov. with a speech from the King, announcing the change of ministry, the renewal of friendly relations with Turkey, and stating that strict neutrality would be observed.

Turkey.-Disturbances took place on the 4th Nov. between the French and Tunisian soldiers at Constantinople. The latter attacked the hospital, where some of the French had taken refuge, and killed and wounded several persons. Some English officers were also attacked. The Tunisians have since been tried by a mixed commission, several sentenced to death, and the whole body ordered to be sent to Asia.

Danubian Principalities. Bucharest.On Nov. 2 a very serious affair occurred here. Col. Türr, of the English transport service, was arrested in his lodgings by the Austrian military authorities. He was stripped of his English uniform by them, and forced to put on an Austrian greatcoat. He was sent to Kronstadt, in Transylvania, the night that followed his arrest. Col. Türr is a Hungarian, had served as lieutenant in the Austrian army, and passed over with his company, in 1849, to the Piedmontese. He had been at Bucharest ten or twelve days, having been sent by the English government to buy horses and carts for the army. He was duly accredited to the English agents, as also to the Ottoman authorities. Ten minutes after his. arrest, the Consul-General of England went to the house of General Coronini to reclaim the colonel. The general gave a brief and decided refusal.

Oct. 26. William Strahan, Sir John Dean Paul, Bart. and Robert Makin Bates, late bankers at No. 218 Strand, who were declared bankrupts on the 12th June last, were brought to trial in the Central Criminal Court, before Mr. Baron Alderson, Mr. Baron Martin, and Mr. Justice Willes, charged with having sold and converted to their own use certain Danish bonds of the value of 5,000l. the property of the Rev. John Griffith, D.D. Prebendary of Rochester, which had been entrusted to their care for safe custody. The said bonds formed a portion of securities to the value of 113,6257, which had

been fraudulently sold or pledged by the firm. After two days' trial, all the parties were found guilty, and sentenced to Transportation for 14 years. This bank was formerly known as Snow's. The same parties carried on business in Norfolk street as Navy Agents under the firm of Halford and Co. The accounts of both firms are inseparable. The total debts and liabilities will extend from 700,000. to 800,000l. and the assets to about 100,000l.

The large issue of 500 tons of copper coin lately made to the public has proved inadequate to the demand. A new con.