9. How would you define an Interjection? Into what classes does Earle divide them? To what part of speech is the Interjection most cognate? Discuss and explain the expression, "All hail!" 10. Show fully from Earle the rationale of what he calls "Speech-part-ship." Illustrate the different functions which one and the same word may perform 11. Into what two classes may words be divided, and to which of those classes is language chiefly indebted for increased capabilities of expression, and why? 12. How would you distribute the Parts of Speech between the two classes of words referred to in the previous question? Which of them may be said to range under both? Give examples of the transition of words from one class to another. What is, approximately, the percentage of each class in English? ENGLISH HISTORY AND LITERATURE. 1. What circumstances favoured the Anglo-Saxon occupation of England, and what causes facilitated first the Danish and afterwards the Norman invasion? 2. What was the gain to the land by the Anglo-Saxon settlers? 3. What were the main results of the Norman Conquest? 4. Describe briefly the policy of Henry II., in reference to the Barons, the Church, and the People. 5. Describe the character of Henry III., and show how far he was indebted to it for the troubles of his reign. 6. What was the effect upon the nation of the wars of Edward III? 7. What circumstances led to the aggrandizement of the monarchy under the Tudors; and how was it impaired under the Stuarts? 8. Give a brief description of the English Literature in the reign of Queen Anne. Who were its chief ornaments? What qualities had they in common? What were their excellences, and what their defects? 9. Mention some of the more important of Pope's writings, and the purport of them. 10. What was Spenser's conception of Justice as exhibited in the Fifth Book of the "Faerie Queene"? 11. Mention the real personages and allusions introduced by the poet into this part of the allegory, 12. What differences are observable in the metrical structure of this as compared with the earlier portions of the poem? FIRST B.A. PASS EXAMINATION.—1877. Examiners, Rev. Prof. Brewer, M.A., and C. K. Watson, Esq., M.A. ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE. Morning Paper. 1. Reproduce, in your own words, the substance of the passage read by the Examiner. 2. Discuss the nature and source of the influences which have helped to build up the grammatical structure of the English language into its present shape. Mark the different stages. 3. Give as full an account as you can of the uses, forms, and meanings of the various words ending in -ing. 4. Lay down rules for the logical analysis of sentences, and explain the meaning of the various terms used. 5. Give a sketch of the principal events in the life of Chaucer. Point out the causes which contributed to his supremacy as the "Father of English Poetry." 6. How does Chaucer describe the Clerk and the Squire respectively? Use, as far as possible, his own words. From what sources did he derive the Tales which bear their names respectively? 7. Write out the following passages in modern prose. Give in each case the substance of the context. Explain any difficulties in scansion, or peculiarities in grammar, and any obscure words or allusions. (a) He nought with wantoun loking of folye (c) She ferde as she had stert out of a slepe (d) Ay ful of clapping, dere ynough a Jane. For greet skile is, he preuve that he wroughte. (g) And kepeth in semblaunt alle his obseruances 8. Explain the following words and phrases: Emelward; Heronsewes Windas; Gauren; Poileys; Maistertovr; Chicheuache; Undern; Nowches; The Grekes hor's Synon; Linian; Alocen; Somdel; Ledene; Forth is she fare; It is no nay; Forfered. 9. Give examples of Chaucer's mode of forming (1) the genitive singular of Nouns; (2) the plural of Adjectives; (3) the imperative, singular and plural, of Verbs. Give some rules for dealing with the final -e: 10. What are the chief differences (a) between Northern and Southern English down to 1050, and (b) between Orrmin and Layamon? How do you account for them, in each case? 11. Give a list of the East Midland works between 1100 and 1320, and remark on any peculiarities that strike you. 12. How does Robert of Brunne differ from the London dialect of Edward the Second's time? 13. In what points was Tyndale an improvement upon Wickliffe as a translator of the Bible? 14. Give a few Scandinavian words that we now use. Translate into modern English the following Teutonic words: Cweme; Lic; Kinned; Eche: Tene; Bray; Steven; Dreghen. 15. What is there peculiar in the following forms of words? foundest pou never non. Sunne ne ENGLISH HISTORY AND LITERATURE. Afternoon Paper. 1. At what period of Milton's life was the "Paradise Lost" composed? 2. What were his circumstances, and those of the nation, at the time? 3. What allusions are found in the poem to the poet's past and present experience? 4. To what other subjects had his choice wandered before he finally settled on "Paradise Lost"? What account does he give in his works of the difficulties he experienced in determining his choice? Show in what way the subject finally chosen by him was specially adapted to his peculiar qualifications as a poet, his religious convictions, his tastes, his studies, his past and present pursuits and experience. 6. State briefly the poetical characteristics of these books (I.—IV.). 7. Mention Milton's chief literary contemporaries, and some of their more remarkable writings. 8. What forms of literature were more specially developed by the political and religious discussions of the times, and how far is their influence traceable in Milton? 9. What species of literature was mainly encouraged at the Restoration, and why? Mention the names of those who especially distinguished themselves in this line. 10. Give a brief account of the political life of Lord Clarendon. 11. Compare the condition of King, Lords, and Commons under Henry VIII., with their condition in 1649, and again in 1689. 12. State very briefly the policy adopted by this country towards Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, at successive epochs of its history. CHAPTER V. THE EXAMINATION. We We need not repeat the instructions which the candidate will find in the "Regulations Relating to Degrees in Arts," nor need we dwell on those particular features of the examination with which he will already be acquainted through his experience in Matriculation. will simply emphasize the importance, nay, the indispensable necessity, of his observing every condition of the "Regulations," and of his conforming to every rule and requirement contained both in the "acknowledgement of his certificate or notice" received from the Registrar, in the admission card given him at the time of his paying the fee, and on the first page of the books in which he is to write his answers. PROVINCIAL EXAMINATIONS. Candidates are required to give an intimation of their intention to present themselves at the examinations held in the provinces, but the intimation may be deferred until after the candidate, in reply to his "Notice," has been informed by the Registrar where these examinations are to be held. There is one invariably held at Owens College, Manchester, but a local fee of £2 is there charged in addition to the University fee of £5. On account of that extra fee, as well as for other reasons, many candidates prefer to go to London, where the examination is held within the imposing and commodious buildings of the University itself, and where the examiners themselves preside. In the provinces there are only deputy-examiners to conduct the examination, although, of course, these are furnished with the necessary powers and are duly appointed by the authorities of the University. Apart from these facts there is really nothing to choose between the metropolis and the provinces; and the candidate must be left to make his own choice according to his own desire or convenience. Occasionally these examinations are held in other places besides Manchester; but we believe they are usually reserved for the students of some particular college or locality, and strangers would no doubt in such cases be excluded. It should be observed that the examination-papers and the tests are the same for all the candidates, and that "the Answers of the candidates at the Provincial Examinations are reviewed by the Examiners at the same time with the Answers of the candidates examined in London." THE WORK OF THE EXAMINERS. There are two examiners in each class of subjects, and they are invariably men on whose ability, fairness, and honourable character the candidate may confidently rely. They are elected annually, but may be re-elected for a limited time under certain conditions. A list of the examiners, for the twelve months ending with April, is given in the University Calendar every year. The names of the assistant examiners are also included. THEIR PERSONAL AND JOINT RESPONSIBILITY. It may inspire still greater confidence in the mind of the candidate if he is made acquainted with the following facts: In the preparation of every examination-paper the rule is that both examiners should take a part, and both should concur in every question that is set. They are both jointly and individually responsible to the Senate for every part of the paper; and every examination-paper must be sent to the Registrar, at least a month before the examination, for the purpose of its being submitted to the Senate or a committee appointed by the Senate. We believe that occasionally, though not often, the Senate, or its committee, has exercised its power of modifying or amending some features of the examination-paper. At the conclusion of the examination the examiners arrange with their assistants for the distribution of the candidates' answers among them, and duly explain the standard of merit by which they are to judge of the answers to particular questions. It is important to note also that no assistant examiner can absolutely reject any candidate without the express assent of the examiner whom he is assisting. Either of the responsible examiners has power of himself to permit a candidate to pass when he has no doubt concerning the competence of the candidate; but neither of them can finally reject a candidate without the sanction of his colleague. So that in all cases of doubt or hesitation the consent of both examiners is necessary for the rejection of a candidate. THE NUMBER OF MARKS. There is no particular number of marks prescribed for any Pass Examination; but of course there must be a system of marks either explicit or understood: for it practically depends on the number of marks a candidate has obtained whether he is to be placed in the First or Second Division. This classification is based on the number of marks obtained in all the subjects taken together. So that whilst the position of a candidate in the Division List depends solely on the aggregate number of his marks, there is no minimum of marks |