would certainly be of great service to any student if he will, in addition to this, go through a systematic course of exercises on Greek Syntax, like that in Dr. Smith's Introduction to Greek Prose Composition (3s. 6d., Key, 1s., Murray). It is a much easier book than the same author's "Introduction to Latin Prose." It contains and illustrates all the principal rules of Greek Syntax, and is an admirable and almost indispensable sequel to the "Initia Græca,” above referred to. First Steps to Greek Prose Composition (1s. 6d., Macmillan), by Blomfield Jackson, M.A., and Elementary Exercises in Greek Prose Composition (4s. 6d., Key, 2s. 6d., Longmans), by Professor Wilkins, are also suitable books.

But every student should have within reach a reliable and thorough, though not necessarily large, Greek Grammar, which will include all the Accidence and most of the Syntax. The more complete and critical it is for purposes of reference and the better. Confining our attention to works of moderate compass and price, we cannot think of a more satisfactory and comprehensive book than the Student's Greek Grammar (6s., Murray), by Dr. Curtius, edited by Dr.mith. It "exhibits the inflections of the language in a really scientific form, and is acknowledged by competent scholars to be the best representative of the present advanced state of Greek scholarship." We can also very heartily commend Parry's Elementary Greek Grammar (3s. 6d., Longmans). It is a model of clear and concise arrangement, is adapted for rapid yet thorough study, and is intended as a companion to the "Public School Latin Primer." It does not abound in explanations, but for a thorough outline of the subject it is the most complete and scholarly elementary work we have seen. "In both Noun and Verb, the Numbers, Cases, and Persons are arranged in conformity with the best authorities." For example, the Dual follows the Plural, and the Vocative and Accusative precede in order of declension the Genitive and Dative, a convenient arrangement now being generally adopted but not absolutely necessary. Dr. Schmitz's Elementary Grammar of the Greek Language (38. 6d., A. and C. Black, Edinburgh)), written in 1852, retains the old order of the cases in declension, but in most other respects is quite equal to the advanced scholarship of the present day. It deals with the Attic dialect alone; whilst in Parry's Grammar the chief Homeric peculiarities are concisely given, and in an appendix there is a brief summary of the other dialects. As to the dialectical variations generally, which the candidate need not study unless he is reading Homer, reference must be made to the larger work of Dr. Smith. For the private student an acquaintance with Dr. Schmitz's Grammar will be exceedingly valuable, because, though inferior in clear printing and arrangement to Parry's, it is far more expository and explanatory. It gives more copious reasons for the changes in words and forms of words;

it enters into the spirit and rationale of Greek Syntax; and it elucidates the subject, as a whole, more simply and yet more philosophically than do ordinary Greek Grammars. The observations on

the peculiarities and anomalies of Verbs, the Formation of Tenses, the uses of the Prepositions and Particles, the Derivation of Words, the long alphabetical list of Irregular and Defective Verbs, and the continued strain of enlightening comment on the Syntax, will be a special help to the self-prepared candidate, who will not usually find such abundant explanations in an elementary work. Our readers will at once perceive from this description of the above books that it is not easy for us to recommend any single Grammar in which all excellences are combined. The self-taught student must frequently have recourse to two or more books which will throw light upon one another, and partly take the place of the professor or tutor to whose expositions the collegian can listen day by day. But, whichever work may be selected by our readers, we would strongly urge them to get Canon Farrar's Greek Grammar Rules (1s. 6d., Longmans), the most compact, handy, and pithy compilation of Greek syntax we have ever seen. It gives us, in a bird's-eye view, as it were, the very essentials of the subject. It is more easy to remember, more concise, and more clear in outline than even its companion-work, the Laiin Syntax Rules of Professor Wilkins, which is more closely printed, and perhaps contains twice as much matter. Every candidate should possess it. Canon Farrar's Brief Greek Syntax, previously mentioned, is an expansion into about 220 pages of the above little work of 18 pages, and very beautifully it elucidates and makes intelligible the whole subject by hints, reasons, references to comparative philology, and illustrations from various modern languages.

We should shrink from attempting to name all the distinct parts of Grammar on which questions are likely to be asked. There is no part secure from the examiner's notice, and, therefore, it would be unsafe for the candidate to overlook any material part. We may, however, mention a few of the peculiar points to which special attention should be directed, those not being overlooked which have been already noted under the head of Translation. (1) The derivation of words so far as it will throw light on their meaning. (2) The distinction between similar forms, such as, ĥ, ĥ, ǹ, and ǹ; OʊTe and οὐδέ; οὔπω and οὐκέτι ; μηδαμᾶ and μηδαμοῦ; ἴσθι (from οἶδα), know, and too, be; the words which vary their accent with their meaning; and certain terminations, -bvтwv, -oúvтwv, &c., which, both in the Third Plural of Imperative Present and Genitive Plural of Present Participle Active, are exactly alike. (3) The case or cases governed by each Preposition. (4) Irregular Nouns and contracted forms of declension. (5) Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs, both regular and irregular. (6) The Formation of Tenses from one another. (7) The chief variations of the verbs in -μ.

(8) The Future, Aorist, and Perfect of all those Verbs which supply their tenses from other roots. The most important of these Verbs, the tenses of which every student should have at his fingerends, are αἱρέω, ἔρχομαι, ἐσθίω, ἔχω, ὁράω, τρέχω, φέρω, φημί, or éreiv. (9) The difference between ov and un, and their compounds. (10) The use of av with the Moods, observing that it does not properly go with the Subjunctive, but qualifies, or coalesces with, certain words which take the Subjunctive. (11) The Accusative of Reference or Limitation, and the construction of intransitive Verbs with an Accusative. (12) The affinity between the Greek Genitive and the Latin Ablative. (13) The nature of the Middle Voice with the distinction between Passive and Middle Deponents. (14) The precise meaning and uses of the different tenses, more especially of the Aorist, Imperfect, and Perfect. (15) The Optative as a mood peculiar to the Greek, and particularly as used for the past or historical tenses of the Subjunctive-the Imperfect and Pluperfect Subjunctive of the Latin. (16) The extensive use of the Infinitive and the Participle in Greek, and their different meaning with Verbs of perception, emotion, and condition; as, èπloraμai Toiŵv=I know that I am doing it; but πíσтapaι Toleîv=I know how to do it. These and many others are points of peculiar interest in Greek, and a knowledge of them, at least in their elementary aspects, is essential to the intelligent reading of a language which, whilst less dependent on mechanical rules than Latin, is more flexible, more discriminating, and more sensitively expressive of delicate and subtle shades of meaning. Our outline of study, with the thorough rudimentary knowledge of rules and inflections which it also implies, would seem formidable to a mere beginner; but the student who has already passed the ordeal of Matriculation will not be discouraged, for he has laid a good foundation in previous efforts, and he will feel the deep absorbing interest in his work which a laudable ambition to excel and the hope of a greater success will always inspire.

Lists of Classical Text-books, Translations, and

Helps.