I am very anxious to see if any one will supply the two illegible words in the old paper, and to have a few instances of the use of the word "mirror" for a transparent substance. JOHN DAVIDSON.

I am inclined to think that the crystal globe which attained a notoriety some short while since, is not altogether an original. Lucian saw something like it in the moon. In Endymion's palace there was a mirror placed over a well; if any one looked into the mirror he saw whatever he liked.

Ἐὰν δὲ εἰς τὸ κάτοπτρον ἀποβλέψῃ, πάσας μὲν πόλεις, πάντα δὲ ἔθνη ὁρᾷ, ὥσπερ ἐφεστὼς ἑκάστοις. τότε καὶ τούς οἰκείους ἐγὼ ἐθασάμην, καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν πατρίδα. - Vera Historia, lib. i. c. 26.

Lucian adds, that he cannot say with any certainty that they saw him. H. C. C.

THE PRIMROSE (3rd S. iv. 110.)-It may be true that in some parts of Germany the primrose is called Frauenschlüssel, lady's key; and perhaps so in honour of Our Lady, the B. V. Mary, though it would in that case be more properly called Unserer Frauen Schlüssel, like wild thyme, Unserer Frauen Bettstroh, and other plants. But this can only be because, by many botanists, the primrose, cowslip, oxlip, and polyanthus, are all considered as one family. The name belongs properly to the cowslip, and the reason for it is obviously from its resemblance to a bunch of keys. In a very German herbal, printed in 1589, and entitled, Kurtzs Handbüchlein uund Experiment viler Artzneyen durch den gantzen Corper des Menschens von dem Haupt biss auff die Füss, and illustrated with above a hundred coloured cuts of plants, the cowslip is designated by the following names: Schlüsselblumen; Weiss Bethonian ; S. Peter's Schlüssel; Himmel Schlüssel. F. C. H.

old

RING MOTTO (3rd S. iv. 83.) — Allow me to add to the number of ring-mottoes the following, which was found on a medieval armillary ring, consisting of eight rings, one within the other, each having a portion of the motto:

"Ryches be unstable,

And beuty wyll dekay; But faithful love will ever last Till death dryve it away."

G. W. M.

FAMILIES OF BEKE AND SPEKE (3rd S. iv. 86.)Of the former family I know nothing, but I am well acquainted with the latter. The intrepid Captain Speke, whose discovery of the source of the Nile has been the subject of so many enthusiastic public meetings, is a member of one of the most ancient and esteemed families in Somersetshire; and his grandfather had the privilege of

being a friend of the great minister Pitt, many of whose letters (written in boyhood) are now treasured in the family seat at Jordans. Captain Speke's father was high sheriff for the county of Somerset last year.

The curious church of Dowlish Wake, in Ilminster, lately restored through the instrumentality of the Speke family, contains some ancient monuments belonging to their ancestors. I do not remember the exact date of the earliest; but it consists of a recumbent figure in armour, upon an altar tomb with panelled sides, having niches and weepers.

The Margaret Speke, referred to in a previous number of your publication under the head "Dennis: Arma inquirenda," has her arms described—“ Impaled as femme: Argent, two bars azure, over all an eagle displayed, double-tête gules,”—is a member of this family.

In the residence of Captain Speke's father, at Jordans, there is a most interesting museum; formed entirely of animals and birds, skins, tusks, and horns, &c., sent home from time to time

during Captain Speke's travels.

BENJ. FERREY.

INCOMES OF PEERS IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (3rd S. iv. 107.)-In reference to this subject, there is an interesting estimate of the expenses of the Duchess of Ormonde, in Ireland, during the Duke's absence from that country, in the Kilkenny Archæological Society's Journal, New Series, vol. iii. p. 84.

The meat and drink for her daily establishment of sixty-seven persons, including guests, is estimated at 2,548.; other household and stable expenses, 3,0227.; and "Her Grace's money," 1,000l.; whilst the board wages of nineteen officers and servants, who were to attend the Duke into England, are set down as 6247. As the chaplain, gentleman usher, and gentleman-at-large, are put down as those "in waiting," the total establishment and expenditure were doubtless very large. Three justices (for the Duke's palatinate of Tipperary) are allowed, 3,6002.

In Lodge's Peerage (article "Arran”), I see the Duke of Ormonde is stated to have lost by his loyaltys, beyond all profits received, the sum of 868,5901. No doubt this is a great exaggeration.

Lodge also copies the will of Sir William Petty, in which he estimates his income at 15,000l. a-year. This is dated May 2, 1685. In the List of the Absentees of Ireland, published in 1724, the Irish estate of the Earl of Shelburne is only valued at 9,000l.; and that of the Earl of Burlington (afterwards inherited by the Duke of Devonshire), at 17,000l. annually. But I believe all the estimates in that list to be under the real values. S. P. V.

BOCHART (3rd S. iv. 109.)—In reply to your correspondent H. B., I see no reason why the usual pronunciation of Bochart's name should be changed into Boshart. The great scholar was descended from a very ancient French family of the name-De Bochart Champigny, members of which resided in Rouen and Paris. A Bochart was member of the Parliament of Paris in 1490. When in Rouen, a few years ago, I heard his name pronounced hard-Bockhart.

When did the first edition of his Hierozoicon appear in London? Some state in 1675; while Bayle's Dictionary gives 1663. Again: which is the correct title of the Hierozoicon? E. F. C. Rosenmüller, in his edition of the work, gives this title: Samuelis Bocharti Hierozoicon, sive de Animalibus S. Scripturæ, 3 tom. 4to, Lips., 1793. Another form of the title is, Samuelis Bocharti Hierozoicon; seu Historia Animalium S. Scrip

turæ.*

J. DALTON.

no more.

It will be seen that he was not more than thirtyeight years of age when he died.

His first wife was Alice, daughter of Sir Roger Halys of Harwich, by whom he had issue. His second wife Mary, daughter of William, Lord Roos, and widow to William, Lord Braose of Brember, survived him. And in Sandford's Genealogical History, p. 206, it is stated that she was afterwards married to Sir Ralph Cobham, Knt.; by whom she had a son (Sir John Cobham) commonly called the son of Mary, the Countess Marshal. MELETES.

Will MR. WARREN (antè, p. 134), allow me to ask for his authority in naming Anne as the first

[* The following are the titles and dates of Bochart's works: Hierozoicon: sive bipertitum opus de animalibus Sacræ Scripturæ, 2 pt. Lond. 1663, fol. Hierozoici, seu De Animalibus S. Scripturæ compendium, duas in partes divisum, a S. M. Vecsei Ungaro in emolumentum Reipublica literariæ adornatum. Accessêre ad calcem-Succincta in Prophetiam Obadia paraphrasis. Theses in illustriores parabolas Evang. D. Matthæi et Lucæ. Franequera, 1690, 4to. Hierozoicon, sive De Animalibus S. Scripturæ. Recensuit suis notis adjectis E. F. C. Rosenmüller. 3 tom. Lipsia, 1793-96, 4to.-ED.]

wife? Her name is entirely new to me, and she does not appear in any pedigree of the royal family which I have been able to consult. It is of importance to me to ascertain this. HERMENTRUDE.

ROOKE FAMILY (3rd iii. 491; iv. 118.)-It may interest your correspondent STEMMA to know that the name of James Rooke is found among the inscriptions on flat stones given by Bigland, under

"S. Briavel's or S. Brulais'," in Gloucestershire.

June 16, 1773, aged eighty-nine, married Jane, James Rooke, Esq. of Bigsweare, who died daughter of Tracey Catchmay, Esq., by Barbara his wife, daughter of Reginald Bray, Esq. of Barrington. He left surviving issue, James, Jane, and Barbara. Perhaps the son became Lieut.Gen. James Rooke of the 38th foot.

Barbara Bray had previously married James Stephens, Esq., by whom she had two sons, John and James, who both died in infancy.

Arms of Rooke on the stone: On a chevron

three chessrooks between three rooks. Crest: A dexter arm embowed, holding a pistol. JOHN A. C. VINCENT.

PROVERB (3rd S. iv. 87.)- Surely the proverb in question, implying that the donkey's view of things occasionally differs widely from the donkey owner's, is grounded on a fable of Phædrus (i. 16). The old gentleman, while grazing his donkey, suddenly hears the enemy approaching, and exhorts the donkey to decamp, that he may not be captured. Says the donkey, "Will they clap on me a double packsaddle?" The donkey's master couldn't say they would. "Then," replied the donkey, "what matters it to whom I belong? in either case my load will be the same." Hence, I would submit, the saying, “A^^a d yaïdapòs, kal áλλa yaïdoupoλárns.

There is a similar proverb in older Greek, but it refers to quite a different story:-'Aλa uév Aáкwv λéyel, ăλλa de Aákwvos ŏvos pépe. With this may be compared the line of Lucilius,

'Αλλα λέγει Μενεκλῆς, ἄλλα τὸ χοιρίδιον.

asinum lignorum gerulum cum agasone simili, qui te rogitabit, decidenti sarcina fasticulos aliquos porrigas ei. Sed tu, nulla voce depromta, tacita præterito."

Valpy, in his notes, adds: "Ad fabulam aliquam respicit suo ævo notam, cujus ad nos usque memoria non pervenit." And yet it requires but a little acquaintance with our own popular my thology to prove that analogous customs obtain amongst ourselves at the present day. Taking the lame ass, and its lame driver as mere surplus. age to gain attention, almost any account of fairy superstition will tell you as Reginald Scott remarks, "If you speak in fairie land, you will ne'er get back to your own countrie." In my Shakespeare's Puck, his Folk Lore, I have more particularly shown the necessity throughout fairy land for silence and secresy. Psyche is to go down to Orcus; and this kind warning is given, that she may be able to return again to upper earth. Her object is to beg of Proserpine so much of her beauty as will serve Venus a single day, and she is expressly advised not to give the least assistance, or receive the least morsel of food, from any of the various temptations which Venus has thrown in her way. She is not to assist the lame driver of the lame ass to replace any of the fallen billets of wood from the panniers.

(See Encycl. Metrop. vi. 28). The sense of swift is older in the spoken language than that of keep, because, in this country, the Celtic preceded the Germanic family. T. J. BUCKTON.

This is by no means a modern application of the word. In the Prayer Book version of Psalm lv. 3, we find,

"The enemy crieth so, and the ungodly cometh on so fast."

Othello (Act V. Sc. 2) speaks of himself—
"as one whose subdued eyes,
Albeit unused to the melting mood,
Drop tears as fast as the Arabian trees
Their medicinal gum."

Shaftesbury, in Advice to an Author, first printed 1710, has, (part iii. sect. 2), speaking of the invitation of Luxury to her votary: "She invites him to live fast, according to her best measure of life. And well she may."

I had noted this in the margin of my copy as the first example I had seen of this phrase used in the positive slang of the present day. This may aid MR. CAMPBELL in his search. J. A. G.

If the dictionaries at the end of the seventeenth

century do not contain the word Fast, as conveying the idea of quickness, they are much in fault. The word was used with that meaning by the translators of the Bible. Ezra v. 8: "This work goeth fast on, and prospereth." And on referring to Coleridge's Glossarial Index, it will be seen that it was so used by Robert of Gloucester. I'must observe, however, that in these cases the word appears only as an adverb. Perhaps the point that Mr. J. D. CAMPBELL wishes to inquire about is, when the word came into use as an adjective, in such phrases as a fast coach," "a fast young lady," and the like. This is quite a modern usage; and if it is not to be found in the dictionaries of the seventeenth century, no blame whatever attaches to them on that score. MELETES.

66

GREAT CROSBY GOOSE FEAST (3rd S. iv. 83.)— The subject of the "Goose dinner" is far from exhausted, and may yet bring to light some custom at present enveloped in the darkness of ages long passed away. The paper on the Norwich" Goose dinner" (2nd S. ii. 426) is only to be considered as descriptive of a long existing though unrecognised custom, but now it is unequivocally established through the ample testamentary provision made by the kind-hearted Alderman Partridge of that city. The annual dinner in Norwich is held on Michaelmas day, which accords with the reasoning of your correspondent S. REDMOND. The "stubble goose" is a familiar luxury throughout the county, and few possessing the means can refrain from indulging in their forefathers' custom of dining off goose on Michaelmas day, "for luck,” and the natives have probably as long smarted under that sobriquet as their neighbours in Essex have been lampooned under the nominally stupid dulness of "calves." As an Icenian, it is difficult to sanction the query of your correspondent, "Could it be that the guests were

likened to the bird?" How far this may apply to the printers who transposed the "goose day" to a more barren season is a very different question. Three of these customary dinners are now brought before the public; more may yet be recorded, and the reason for selecting that bird for these commemorative feasts, may be yet rescued from oblivion.* It is historically recorded they screeched in the Capitol, roused the slumberers, and saved Rome. What honour may they not deservedly derive from this unconscious effort of their discordant lungs? H. DAVENEY.

There are two public-houses a nice walk from Blackpool, going by the names and bearing the signs of" Number 3" and "Number 4." Michaelmas is in the full bathing season, and it used to be the custom with the landlords of those houses to provide from time to time a goose dinner for all comers; the geese, I believe, being given gratis, and the company only paying for what they drank. Gentleman's servants and others of that class used to go to these " goose feasts," and no doubt "mine host" found it answer his purpose very well. As Crosby also is a bathing-place, a similar custom may have obtained there.

P. P. CRUSH A CUP (3rd S. iv. 97.)-A. A. would find it easier to crush a glass than to crush the leathern jacks and gills from which our ancestors used to drink. They are perfectly hard and stiff, and sometimes lined with a coating of rosin. A drinking horn would be crushed as easily as a leathern gill. P. P.

THE SACRIFICE OF ISAAC (3rd S. iv. 111.) — Professor Blunt's allusion is to Bp. Warburton's Divine Legation of Moses, in which it is maintained that, in the sacrifice of Isaac, there was shown to Abraham, by a prophetic action, a representation of the sacrifice of Christ upon the cross, by which he symbolically "saw Christ's day." T. C.

SIR TOBIE MATHEW (3rd S. iii. 329.)-I concur fully in a remark in "N. & Q." of April 25, that a life of Sir Tobie Mathew (who I think spelt his name with one t) would be a desirable subject for a biographical history.

Somewhere or other I have met with the asser

tion that he left illegitimate issue bearing his name. But, as yet, a good life of his father, the

[* See the article on "Wayz Goose," in our 2nd S. iv. 91.-ED.]

New Westminster, British Columbia,
June 1.

COLD IN JUNE (3rd S. iii. 489, 519; iv. 19, 99.) The references already given relate to the last century. I remember my parents saying that it snowed in 1822 when they moved into their new house in London at Midsummer day. I mentioned this circumstance a few years since to two or three older persons than myself, and one of them was able to confirm the circumstance. W. P.

JEST BOOKS (2nd S. vi. 206, 272, 333; vii. 95.) One hundred and eight of these Facetiarum Fus ciculi have been catalogued; numerous enough to its title goes, my old memory supplies me with an set up 66 a College of Wit-crackers." So far as hundred and ninth,-a Dublin production (I forget its exact date) of more than seventy years ago, which I have remembered for the motto's sake, and its tailing of Cowley's poetical aspiration: "What shall I do to be for ever known, And make the age to come mine own? A plan I've thought of which will surely hit; I'll read The Jokes of Genius,' and become a wit."

E. L. S.

LADY LISLE (2nd S. xii. 99.)-I know of no James II. for harbouring two of Monmouth's foldescendants of Lady Alicia Lisle (beheaded by lowers), besides those who succeeded to the property, and, towards the close of the last century, ham, near Ringwood. The family then consisted were residing at their seat, Moyle's Court, Ellingof a son (Charles Lisle) and three daughters. The son was imputed imbecile, and an attempt was made by a distant heir to deprive him of the management of his property, and to establish his incompetency to make a will. The attempt failed, and at his decease without issue, the property was divided among his sisters. I believe they all married, and the eldest son of the eldest sister (Charles Taylor) took the name of Lisle by royal licence. The estate has been sold, and is now the

property of Lord Normanton, acquired by purchase. What remains of the mansion has been

converted into a farm-house. The secret chamber at Moyle's Court, in which the two men were concealed, is, I have heard, destroyed.

This family claimed to have been lords of the Isle of Wight.

"Dame Alicia Lisle" was buried in Ellingham churchyard, where a simple gravestone marks

the spot where she lies. The above is chiefly traditional, and I can give no further information. W. D.

SERMON AGAINST VACCINATION (3rd S. iii. 390.) Lord Wharncliffe, in his Life of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, says that the "clergy descanted from their pulpits on its impiety." The Rev. E. Massey, in 1722, at St. Andrew's Church, Holborn, denounced "all who infused the variolous ferment as hellish sorcerers ;" and said that “inoculation was the diabolical invention of Satan."

And even so late as 1751, one of the rectors of Canterbury, the Rev. Theodore de la Faye, declared, with horror, that inoculation was the offspring of atheism; and drew a touching parallel between the virtue of resignation to the Divine will and its practice. W. P. C.

Penzance.

The Life of Marmaduke Rawdon of York, or Marmaduke Rawdon, the Second of that Name. Now first printed from the Original in the possession of Robert Cooke, Esq., F.S.A. Edited by Robert Davies, Esq., F.S.A. (Printed for the Camden Society.)

This is assuredly one of the best edited books which the Camden Society has issued to its members. Be the compiler of this Memoir who he may, he has certainly used with good effect the materials which were at his disposal, and thereby furnished an interesting picture of merchant life in the seventeenth century; and the story of Marmaduke Rawdon, from his schooldays to his removal to the activity of mercantile life in the heart of the great metropolis-of his foreign travels, his residence abroad, his journey through England, &c.—is quaintly and pleasantly told; and great credit is due to Mr. Cooke for his liberality in placing the MS. at the service of the Camden Society; and to Mr. Davies, the accomplished antiquary of York, for the care with which he has edited, and the learning with which he has illustrated the life of his distinguished fellow townsman.

The Wallet Book of the Roman Wall. A Guide to Pilgrims journeying along the Barrier of the Lower Isthmus. By the Rev. J. Collingwood Bruce, LL.D., F.S.A. (Longman.)

This is a well-timed and useful little volume. The interest in the Roman Wall, which Stukeley very justifiably pronounced "the noblest monument in Europe,"

can never fade; and as the force of the proverb," a great book is a great evil," is never felt so strongly as by the traveller who is compelled to carry one, Dr. Bruce has done good service by condensing from his larger work upon the subject the chief points of information as to what the visitor to the Roman Wall is to look for, in this compact and profusely-illustrated "Wallet Book." The Ocean, the River, and the Shore. Part I-Navigation. By J. W. Willcock, Q. C. and A. Willcock, M.A., Barrister. (Routledge.)

It is very difficult to give a just idea of the amount of information contained in the present volume, which the Editors tell us is intended rather for the merchant, the mariner, the riparian proprietor, the fisherman, the jurist, and the general reader, than the lawyer. All will doubtless find much useful information in it; and the present Part is of peculiar interest just now, from the light it throws on the laws respecting Belligerents, Allies, Neutrals, Prize Courts, &c.

Low's One Shilling Guide to the Charities of London: comprising the Objects, Date, Address, Income and Expenditure, Treasurer and Secretary, of above Seven Hundred Charities. (S. Low.)

A most useful shilling's-worth. We have tested it by a reference to the charities of Dog Smith, which formed the subject of a Query in our last volume, and find full particulars of them at pp. 125-6, by which it appears that the income of the Trust Property, which, at the death of Mr. Smith was about 1,6007. a year, is now more than 12,000Z.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

LONDON MAGAZINE, General Index to, from 1732 to 1758. London, 1760. MONUMENTA RITUALIA ECCLESIE ANGLICANE, by the Rev. William Maskell, M.A. 8vo. Vol. II. Pickering, 1846.

*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be sent to MESSRS. BELL & DALDY, Publishers of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186, Fleet Street, E.C.

Particulars of Price, &c., of the following Book to be sent direct to the gentleman by whom it is required, whose name and address are given for that purpose:

BURNS'S WORKS. Vol. II. of Cochrane & Co.'s 2nd edition, 8vo, 1835; or 1st edition, 1834.

Wanted by Mr. A. Ramsay, 45, Norland Square, Notting Hill, W.

Notices to Correspondents.

C. J. E. We make no charge for inserting lists of books wanted. Replies to the other Queries shall be forwarded when arrangements are completed.

T. M. The proverbial local allusions will be found in Ray's Proverbs.

E. C. (Birkenhead.) Your Scotch friend must be“ daft," or trying to hoax you.

T. C. H. (Guildford.) Many thanks.

J. J. B. WORKARD, M.A. Our Correspondent is thanked for his communication; but the question under discussion relates to the authorship of the work, The Puritan turned Jesuit.

ENQUIRER. The best account of Dr. Dee the astrologer is in Kippis's Biographia Britannica. The Camden Society, in 1842, published The Private Diary of John Dee, edited by Mr. Halliwell.

SCOTUS. Byron notices Burns in English Bards and Scotch Reviewers; and his youthful pranks in Don Juan, canto iii. 92. Byron's Works, ed. 1850, pp. 432, 638.

"NOTES AND QUERIES" is published at noon on Friday, and is also issued in MONTHLY PARTS. The Subscription for STAMPED COPIES for Six Months forwarded direct from the Publishers (including the Halfyearly INDEX) is 11s. 4d., which may be paid by Post Office Order in javour of MessES. BELL AND DALDY, 186, FLEET STREET, E.C, to whom all COMMUNICATIONS FOR THE EDITOR should be addressed.

Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by purchasing Horniman's Pure Tea; very choice at 38. 4d. and 48. "High Standard" at 4s. 4d. formerly 48. 8d.), is the strongest and most delicious imported. Agents in every town supply it in Packets.