LESSON THE THIRD.

THE BRAIN AND THE NERVES.

1. The brain, which is a small pulpy mass of a whitish colour, occupies all that cavity which is formed by the eight bones of the skull.

2. The spinal marrow is a continuation of the brain, which passes out of an opening in the skull, and runs down the canal of the back-bone, giving out nerves in its passage.

3. All the nerves run out in pairs, but they soon separate, and spread over the whole body.

4. The brain and nerves constitute entire the organs of feeling and sensation, the other parts of the body being of themselves incapable of feeling.

5. All excitement to action, produced by the will, proceeds from the brain and spinal marrow, through the medium of the nerves.

6. The nerves are the organs; the brain, the receptacle of all our sensations, the source of all our ideas.

QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION.

1. How is the brain described, and where is it situated?

2. What is the spinal marrow?

3. How are the nerves situated?

4. What purposes do the brain and nerves serve?

5. How is voluntary action excited?

6. What is remarked of the nerves and brain?

LESSON THE FOURTH.

THE STOMACH. LIVER. DIGESTION, &c.

1. The stomach is shaped like a bag, and is the grand receptacle for the food, where it is retained until it is changed by digestion.

2. The stomach has two openings, the one called the æsophagus, through which the food passes into it; the other intended to carry away the digested substance, is called the intestinal canal.

3. The chief agent in digestion is the gastric juice; by the muscular nature of the stomach, the food when properly digested is propelled through the intestinal canal into the intestine, which is a membraneous tube, four or five times the length of the person in which it is.

4. The food in its digested state is called chyme, and in this state it enters the intestine, where it undergoes another change, and the chyle, a milk-like substance, is separated from it.

5. The chyle is that substance from which the blood is formed, and it is absorbed by the mouths of the lacteal vessels, which are every where distributed in intestines, while the feculent parts of the chyme and the bile are drawn into the large intestine, by which it is expelled from the body.

6. The liver is formed for the secretion or separation of the bile from the blood, which passes into the ductus hepaticus, and thence into the gall-bladder, where it is kept till it is wanted to mix in the intestine.

7. The chief uses of the bile are, 1, to extricate the chyle from the chyme; and 2, to excite the peristaltic motion of the bowels.

8. The lacteals convey the chyle from the intestine into the jugular vein, that empties itself into the heart.

9. The kidnies are two glandular substances, intended to drain the system of its redundant water: for this purpose a considerable portion of the blood is perpetually passing into each kidney, where it leaves its superfluous water, and then returns into the circulation by means of a particular vein.

10. The water thus strained from the blood is carried by canals, called uretærs, into the bladder, into which it passes, through its two coats, which answer the purpose of a valve, to prevent the possibility of regurgitation.

QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION.

1. Give a description of the stomach?

2. What are the openings of the stomach, and for what are they intended?

3. What is the chief agent in digestion, and how is the process carried on?

4. What is meant by the terms chyme and chyle?

5. What is the use of the chyle, and how is it carried away? 6. Of what use is the liver?

7. What are the chief uses of the bile?

8. Where do the lacteals convey away the chyle?

9. How are the kidnies situated, and what is their use? 10. How is superfluous water carried away?

THE END.

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