et, cum frigida mors feduxerit artus anima, umbra adero tibi in omnibus locis: 0 improbe, dabis panas: ego audiam, et Et, cum frigida mors animâ feduxerit artus, 385 pœnas. bac fama veniet mihi fub imos Audiam, et hæc Manes veniet mihi fama fub Manes. His diis abrumpit fermonem medium, et ægrafugit auras; avertitque et aufert fe ex oculis, linquens eum metu cunctantem et parantem dicere multa. Famule fufcipiunt cam, referuntque marmoreo thalamo ejuscollapfa membra, reponuntque firatis. At pius Eneas, quanquam cupit folando lenire eam dolentem, et avertere cjus curas dictis, gemens multa, labefactuf que animum magno amore, imos. His medium dictis fermonem abrumpit, et auras tem 390 Dicere. Sufcipiunt famulæ, collapfaque membra more, 395 TRANSLATION. And, when cold Death fhall diffever from the Soul thefe Limbs, my Ghost shall haunt thee in every Place: Vengeance, Mifcreant! awaits thee: I shall hear it; even in the deep infernal Shades thefe glad Tidings fhall reach me, With these Words the breaks off in the Middle of the Conference, and fickening fhuns the Light: Suddenly the turns about, and flings away out of the Hero's Sight, leaving him greatly perplexed through Fear, and preparing to make a thousand Apologies. Her Maids lift her up, bear her fainting Limbs into her Marble Bed chamber, and gently lay her on the royal Couch. Mean While the pious Prince, though by all folacing Means he is folicitous to eafe her Grief, and by foothing Words to divert her Anguish, heaving many a Sigh, and staggered in his Mind by the mighty Power of Love; yet he gives Obe NOTE S. the next Words, Et cum frigida mors, &c. fhe 386. Omnibus umbra locis adero.-Manes veniet rejoices at the Thought of being difengaged by mihi fub imas. The Ancients obferved a threeDeath from the Shackles and Incumbrance of fold Diftinction in the immortal Part of the a Body, when her Ghost should be at liberty to human Nature, viz. the Phantom or Shade, range over the Universe, and pursue him where-umbra, which commonly frequented the Place ever he went. Servius, however, explains atris where the Body was interred, or haunted those ignibus of the black or dreary Flames of Dido's Abodes to which it had been accustomed in Funeral-pile. To take abfens, with Dr. Trapp, Life; the Manes, which was confined to the inand fome others, for mortua, as we fay of a Per-ternal Regions; and the Spirit, which returned fon when dead, he is, feems forced and ungone, o Heaven, its original Habitation, according natural; befides that, it makes Virgil guilty of to thofe Veries afcribed to Ovid: mere Tautology in the following Line. 385. Et, cum frigida mors, &c. The fame Sentiment is thus expreffed by Horace, Epod. V. Quin, ubi perire juffus exfpiravero, Nocturnus occurram furor; tumulum circumvolat umbra, Orcus babet manes, fpiritus aftra petit. And this furnishes us with a fufficient Answer to Mr. Bayle's Criticifm: If, fays he, Dido's Ghoft was to be every where with Eneas, what Need was there that the fhould wait in Hell for the News of his Misfortunes? See Bayle's Dict. in Cleonice. The Anfwer is, That whilft her Umbra or Shade haunted Æneas over the nunt, It nigrum campis agmen 406 gunt, Caftigantque moras: opere omnis femita fervet. Quis tibi tunc, Dido, cernenti talia fenfus? tamen exfequitur jussa Divum, revifitque claffem. Tum verò Teucri incumbunt, et deducunt celjas naves toto litore: unéta carina natat, feruntque fylvis frondentes ramos, et robora infabricata, præ fludio fuge. Cernas eos migrantes, ruenteque ex totaurbe. Ac veluti cum formice memores hyemis popu lant ingentem acervum farris, reponuntque tecto, nigrum agmen it campis, convectantque prædam per berbas in angufto calle; pars obnixe humeris trudunt grandia frumenta; pars cogunt agmina, caftigantque moras: omnis femita ferwet opere. O'Dido, quis fenfus tunc erat tibi cernenti talia? TRANSLATION. dience to the Commands of the God, and revifits his Fleet. Then, indeed, the Trojans intenfely ply their Work, and launch the Ships all along the Shore. The pitchy Keel now floats; through eager Hafte to fail, they bring from the Woods Oars unftripped of Leaves, and unfashioned Timber. You might have feen them removing to the Shore, and pouring from all Quarters of the Town: As when a Swarm of Ants, mindful of approaching Winter, plunder a large Granary of Corn, and hoard it up in their Cell; the black Battalion marches over the Plains, and along the narrow Track they convey their Booty through the Meadows: Some, fhoving with their Shoulders, push forward the cumbrous Grains; fome rally the fraggling Bands, and chaftife thofe that lag behind. The Path all glows with the Work. Unhappy Dido, how waft thou then affected with fo fad a Prospect? What NOTE S. Convectare juvat prædas et vivere rapto. Æn. VII. 749. the Earth, her Manes remain in Hell, expecting and wishing to hear bad News of him. 402. Ac veluti-cúm formica, &c. Thefe little We may observe in what ftrong Language this lufects are very fit Examples of Labour, Affiduity, and Forefight: Parvula, nam exemplo eft, magni formica laboris Simile is conveyed: Populant ingentem acervum, —reponunt te&o,—it nigrum campis agmen,—prædam convectant, pars tradunt grandia frumenta,— jobnixa bumeris. All this fhews how, by the Force of Expreffion, by elegant Figures, and proper Images, the lowest Subjects may be raised to true fublime. 405. Trudunt obnixa bumeris. By this the This Comparison Fulvius Urfinus observes Vir-Poet gives us a lively Idea both of their Eagergil had imitated from the fourth Book of Apol-nefs and Strength, which Pliny observes to be lonius Rhodius's Argonautics. furprizingly great, confidering the fmall Size of 405. Convectant. This Word reprefents thofe the Animal: Si quis comparet onera corporibus little Animals trudging often backward and earum, fateatur nullis portione vires effe majores. forward, and returning again and again to their This Circumftance of their fhoving forward the Cells full loaded, like Soldiers reaping the larger Grains with their fhoulders, the fame Spoils of an Enemy: Writer confirms even in Virgil's own Words: F 2 Majora quofvegemitus dabas? cumproSpiceres ex fummâ arce litora late fervere, viderefque ante oculos totum æquor mifceri tantis clamoribus? O improbe amor, quid non cogis mortalia pectora facere! Iterum cogitur ire in lacrymas, iterum ten Quofve dabas gemitus, cum litora fervere latè Ire iterum, quid non mortalia pectora cogis! tare eum precando; et fup- Ne quid inexperterri litore circum; 416 plex fubmittere animos amori: ne quid relinquat inexpertum, moritura fruftra. o Anna, vides properari in toto litore circum; convenere undique; Anna, vides toto Undique convenere; vocat jam carbasus auras, carbafus jam vocat auras; et læti nautæ impofuere coronas puppibus. TRANSLATION. Groans didst thou utter, when from thy lofty Tower thou beheldeft the Shore in its wide Extent filled with bustling Crouds, and faw full in thy View the whole watery Plain refounding with fuch mingled Shouts of the departing Crew. Imperious, unrelenting Love, how irrefiftible is thy Sway over the Minds of Mortals! She is constrained once more to have Recourfe to Tears, once more to affail his Heart by Prayers, and in a fuppliant Strain to subject all the Powers of her Soul to Love: Left, by leaving any Means unattempted, she should throw away her Life rafhly, and without Caufe. Anna, thou feeft over all the Shore how they are haftening to be gone: The whole Bands are drawn together: The hoifted Canvas now invites the Gales; and the joyful Mariners have crowned their Sterns NOTE S. Majora averfæ poftremis pedibus moliuntur, bu-\ 413. Ire in lacrymas-tentare precando cogimeris obnixe. Nat. Hift, Lib. XI. Cap. 30. tur. As he had ufed the Word cogis, Verfe 412. Improbe amor, &c. The fame Apoftro-412, fo here he repeats the fame Word, and phe is made to Avarice, Æn. III. 56. fhews the conftraining Power of Love in Dido's Conduct; cogitur, fhe is forced, in spite of her Pride, her Refentment, her Resolutions, her quid non mortalia pectora cogis, Auri facra fames! The Epithet improbus fignifies fierce, unrelent-Imprecations. ing, uncontroulable, outrageous, and violent 414. Animos. Some read animum, but anito that Degree as to ftick at Nothing; as will mes is more elegant; it implies that Love gets appear from the Manner in which it is applied the better of ali her other Paffions, particularly elsewhere. To affiduous, indefatigable Labour, her Indignation, her Pride, her keen RefentGeor. I. Improbus. laber omnia vincit To a Wolf raging for his Prey, Æn. IX. 62. -ille afper, et improbus ira, Sævit in abfentes. To cruel, adverse Fortune, Æn. II. 79. To the Violence and Impetuofity with which ment, as we have faid. For fo the Word animas is uted: Vince animos, iramque. 415. Fruftra moritura. Interpreters are divided about the Meaning of the Word fruftra in this Place; Servius joins it with inexpertum, chat fhe might leave nothing unattempted, tho' in vain, fince he was determined to die. But it is more like a Lover ftill to entertain fome glimmering Hope, fo long as her Object is within Reach. Wherefore we have taken it in the fame Senfe with Bishop Douglas. Left fhe unwer, but caufe, her Death parvayit, Fertur in abruptum magno mons improbus ačtu, Fruftra is ufed the fame Way by Cicero. which answers to Homer's λaoç avaidns. 418. Puppibus-impofuere coronas. It was the O foror, fi ego potui fperare bunc tantum dolorem, potui per ferre,-et potero perferre eum : Anna, tamen exfequere boc unum mibi mifera. Nam ille perfidus folebat colere te folum, etiam credere arcanos fenfus tibi; tu fola noras molles aditus et tempora viri. Soror, I, atque fupplex juravi Aulide cum Danais exaffare fuperbum hoftem: ego non fcindere Trojanam gentem, mifive claffem ad Pergama: nec ve Aulide juravi, claffemve ad Pergama mifi; manti; Expectet facilemque fugam, ventofque ferentes. Anchife. Cur negat demittere mea diéta in duras aures? Quò ruit? det boc extremum munus mifere amanti, exfpettet facilem que fugam, ventofque for entes. TRANSLATION. with Garlands. O Sifter, had I been able to forefee this fatal Blow, I could alfo have borne it.-And even as it is, I fhall be able to bear it. Yet, my dearest Anna, deny not this one Request to thy wretched, despairing Sifter: For yon perfidious Man made you the fole Object of his Esteem, and even trufted you with the Secrets of his Soul; you alone knew the fair Occafions and foft Approaches to his Heart. Go, Sifter, and in fuppliant Terms befpeak the haughty Foe: I never confpired with the Greeks at Aulis to extirpate the Trojan Race, nor fent a Fleet to Troy: Nor did I disturb the Ashes and Manes of his Father Anchifes. Why does he ftop his unrelenting Ears to my Words? Whither does he fly? Let him grant but this laft Favour to his unhappy, defpairing Lover; to defer his Flight till it be fafe, and till the Winds blow fair. I plead no more the facred, venera NOTES. the Cuftom of the Mariners to deck the Sterns Such a hafty, abrupt Tranfition, is perfectly aof their Ships with Garlands both in Setting greeable to Dido's prefent Temper of Mind, and Sail, as here, and Landing, as Geor. 303. Ceu preffa cum jam pertum tetigere carine, Pappibus et leti naute impofuere coronas. The Reason why they thus adorned the Sterns 424. Hoftem-fuperbum. The ancient Ro was, because there was a Chapel in Honour of mans used hoftis in the Senfe of hofpes. Heftis the Gods Pataci, whofe Statues were erected enim apud majores noftros is dicebatur, quem on the Sterns, as the Patrons and Protectors nunc peregrinum dicimus, Cic. de Off. Lib. I. of the Ship. Hence fays Perfius, Sat. VI. 30. 12. And Serviss tells us fome took the Word Ionio jacet ipfe in litore, et una [here to be used in that Senfe. puppe Thews the Propriety of potero being in the Future, which is otherwife hardly to be juflified by any poetical License whatever. Dei. lagentes de 10. 426. Aulide. Aulis is an Ifland in the Archipelago, where the Greeks, in their Way to the Siege of Troy, took an Oath never to return to their own Country till they had taken that City. 419. Hunc ego fi potui, &c. Instead of con- 430. Ventofque ferentes. i. c. Ventofque fecunnecting this Line immediately with the follow-dos, as in Seneca de B. V. C. 21. Navigantem ing, I fuppofe the Sentence here to be abrupt, fecundus et ferens ventus exhilarat. So Pliny and have added what I take to be understood, in his Panegyric, Venti ferentes et brevis curfus optentur. Jam non oro antiquum conjugium, Non jam conjugium antiquum, quod prodidit, oro; quod prodidit; nec ut careat pul cbro Latio, relinquatque reg num: Peto inane tempus, requiem fpatiumque furori, dum mea fortuna doceat me vitam dolere. Oro te banc extremam veniam: (miferere fororis) quam cum dederit mihi, remittam cum Orabat talibus, fororque mi cumulatum morte. ferrima fertque refertque tales fletus: fed ille movetur nullis fletibus, aut tractabilis audit Fata obflant; Deufque obftruit placidas aures viri. ullas voces. 431 Nec pulchro ut Latio careat, regnumque relin quat: Tempus inane peto, requiem fpatiumque furori ; Dum mea me vitam doceat fortuna dolere. . mittam. 436 Talibus orabat; talefque miferrima fletus 439 TRANSLATION. ble Name of Wedlock, which he has betrayed: Nor that he should deprive himfelf of fair Latium, and relinquish his Hopes of a Kingdom. I ask but a few trifling, infignificant Moments; a fhort Refpite and Interval from diftracting Pain, till, fubdued by Fortune, I learn to fultain my Woes. This Favour I implore as the laft (pity thy Sister) which when he has granted, I shall send him away completely happy in my Death. To this Effect the prayed, and her Sifter, deeply distressed on her Account, bears once and again the mournful Meffage to Eneas: But by none of her mournful Meffages is he moved, nor liftens with calm Regard to any Expoftulations. The Fates ftand in his Way, and Heaven renders him deaf to all Intreaty. And as μας. NOTE S. optentur. In like Manner Homer fays pepov ave-the most perplexed Verfe in the whole neid ; it would be needless to trouble the Reader with 431. Antiquum. I take here in the fame the various Readings of the Words, and the vaSenfe in which antiquius and antiquiffimum are rious Gloffes put upon them. Ruus's Reading ufed by Cicero. So Servius explains Æn. is that which is now molt generally approved, 535. Terra antiqua, potens armis. antiqua, i. e. nobilis. Or it may fignify riage, which he (Aueas) deems an obfolete, fashioned Thing. and therefore I have followed it: Tho' I muft own I am far from being quite fatisfied with it, Mar-chiefly because it is at beft but a lucky Conjecold-ture; and then it makes Dide difcover to her Sifter her Purpofe of killing herself, which the appears careful above all things to conceal from her, Verfe 477. 432. Pulchro Latio. Latium, which charms and captivates his Heart fo much. 433. Tempus inane. A fhort Space of Time, merely for its own Sake, without requiring him to perform his Marriage vow. Or tempus inane may fignify a little Time, which is juft nothing, and which he can easily spare. 434. Dum mea me, &c. The fame Sentiment is thus expreffed in other Words by Ovid, Epift. Did. Ex. 179. Lum freta mitefcunt, et amor: dum tempore et ufu Confilium vultu tegit, ac fpem fronte ferenat. Servius reads, Quam mihi cum dederis cumulatam, morte relinquam, and explains the Paffage thus: Quod beneficium cum mihi cumulatum dederis, fola morte derelinquam; With which Favour when you have fully gratified me, nothing but Death fhall part us. 438. Fertque refertque. Non ab Enea, qui nibil dicit. The refert cannot refer to Eneas, fays Servius, because he makes no Reply. 436. Qram mihi cam, &c. This is, I think, 440. Placidafque—obftruit aures. Either ftops Fortiter edifco triftia pofe pati. his |