FOR THE LITTLE PILGRIM.

to approach the boundaries of the enemy's country HISTORY OF ANCIENT ROME. and throw a spear into it, as far as he could hurl it, in token of defiance-declaring war in a set form of words.

BY JAMES W. WALL.

CHAPTER VIII.

The next king who ascended the throne, by the choice of the Roman people, was Ancus Marcius, the grandson of good king Numa. Nature had not given to this king any great advantages of person-a deformity that arose from an injury in early childhood unfitted him for the more warlike pursuits in which the age delighted. He therefore turned his attention to more peaceful pursuits, and the observance of the rites of religion, that had made his grandfather so respected and beloved. The name Ancus was derived from the deformity by which he was afflicted.

Tullus Hostilius, continually engaged in war with the surrounding nations, had had neither time nor inclination to attend to the rites of religion. His impiety was so noticed, that, some of the priests had given out at his death that he was struck by lightning, a punishment inflicted on him by the enraged divinities.

It was in this manner that Ancus declared war against the Latins, and the success of the war was equal to its justice. He conquered the Latins, destroyed their cities, and removed their inhabitants to Rome. Thus gradually Rome kept absorbing, like a great vortex, the surrounding nations. An insurrection also took place during his reign, among the Veii, which was speedily quelled. His arms being thus crowned with triumph, Ancus, during the peace that ensued, set himself to work in earnest about improving and beautifying Rome. He added the Aventine Mount, enclosing it by the city limits. He also erected many splendid and costly temples and other public buildings. As you will often hear Rome called the seven-hilled city, it will be proper at this time to inform you of the origin of the title. After Ancus had brought Mount Aventine within the city walls, and commenced building thereon, Rome might well be said to rest its foundations upon seven hills. These hills bore the following names: 1, the Palatine Hill; 2, Tarpeian Hill (afterwards the Capitoline); 3, Quirinal Hill; 4, Caelian Hill; 5, Esquiline Hill; 6, Mount Viminalis; 7, Mount Aventine. The first of these, the Palatine, was celebrated as the locality upon which Romulus first laid the foundations of his city; and here Tullus Hostilius held his court, as did afterwards the emperor Augustus. And it is from this it derives its name, Palatine, from the Latin word, which means a royal seat. From this word comes our English

The Tarpeian Hill, derived its name from the Roman maiden Tarpeia, whose story I have told you in a former chapter, and who was hurled from its summit by the Sabine soldiery, who detested her treachery. It took afterwards the name of the Capitoline Hill, from the head of a man casually found here in digging the foundations for the famous temple of Jupiter Capitolinus.

The Quirinal Hill, was so called from a temple erected here to Romulus, who you remember I told you, was worshipped as the god Quirinalis. This hill was taken into the city by the good king Numa.

Ancus determined therefore to rebuild the shattered temples, and lift up the broken altars-and used every means in his power to bring the people back again to their deserted worship. He endeavored to persuade them that the calamities which had befallen them were owing to their impiety, which was thus justly 2 visited by the vengeance of the gods. He also gave great attention to the encouragement of agriculture, well knowing that nothing tends so greatly to the strengthening of a state as devotion to this peaceful and useful pursuit. But notwith-word palace. standing all his desire and efforts to cultivate the arts of peace, he became embroiled in a war with the Latin state. The conduct of the Latins furnished a full justification-they made incursions upon the Roman territories, and marked their progress by fire and sword, burning and destroying every thing in their pathway. Forbearance ceased at last to be a virtue-and the safety and wellbeing of his kingdom demanded that he should summarily punish these outrages. But before declaring war, he sent a herald to state his grounds of grievance, as the Roman manner was, and thus gave this troublesome people an opportunity of escaping the punishment they had provoked. They paid no heed to his messenger-and thereupon the herald having notified the Senate, proceeded to declare war after the Roman fashion. This being curious, I will relate it. Assuming a peculiar dress, as soon as he reached the confines of the enemy's country, he pronounced a formal declaration of his arrival and its cause. He then solemnly, in a loud voice, called all the gods to witness, and imprecated the divine vengeance upon himself and his countrymen, if his reasons were not just. When he came to the chief city of the enemy, he again repeated the same declaration, with some addition, desiring satisfaction. If they then delivered into his power the authors of the injury, or gave hostages for security-then he immediately returned to Rome. If they desired time to consider, then he went away for ten days, and then came again to hear their resolution-and this he was to do in some cases three times. But if nothing was done in thirty days, then he declared that the Romans would endeavor to assert their rights by arms. After this the herald was obliged to return, and make a true report of what he had done before the Senate, assuring them of the legality of the war they were about to undertake. He was then again despatched to perform the last part of the ceremony, which was

scattered around. Thus time overthrows and absorbs the loftiest and most enduring structures that man can rear."

Ancus proved himself an excellent monarch. He encouraged the growth of Rome, by every means in his power. He gave great encouragement to strangers to settle there, and thus induced some of the wealthiest people to settle in the city. Among the rich strangers attracted to Rome by the fame of its good government, was one by the name of Lucius Tarquinius. I mention his name now, as you will hear more of him in the next chapter. He was a person of great accomplishments and immense wealth. He soon attracted the notice and admiration of the king, by his proud and lofty bearing, and princely generosity. Shortly after his arrival, he won entirely the heart of Ancus by offering to deposit his immense wealth in the treasury for the use of the state. His liberality made him soon extremely popular, and he was elected to the Senate, where he found a wider field for the exertion of his influence, and the extension of his popularity. So great was the confidence reposed in him by the good king Ancus, that when he was about to die, he did not hesitate to appoint him as the guardian of his infant children. The death of Ancus happened after a most glorious reign of twenty-four years.

(TO BE CONTINUED,)

WRITTEN FOR THE LITTLE PILGRIM.

A PLEASANT LETTER.

FROM MRS. FRANCES D. GAGE.

DEAR LITTLE PILGRIM:—

I had been thinking, for a long time, that I should like to meet you somewhere in my travels, and get you to carry my messages of love and kindness to the little girls and boys that I used to talk to when the "Friend of Youth" traveled round the country on the same errand that now calls you to trudge from door to door, from village dream of meeting you here-at Woukeegan, to village, and from city to city. But I did not Illinois, on the banks of Lake Michigan, in the midst of a snow storm.

Hugh! how the winds blow! How the lake roars and is lashed into fury! How the white caps dance and toss about in the breeze! But don't stop now to look at them; come in to the fire. Shake the snow flakes from your coat. "Don't want to come in," did you say? No, no I'll be bound; you want to stay out with the boys and slide down hill. Well, if you wont come in, The Esquiline Mount derives its name from Ex-give me your budget, and I will look it over while quilinus, a corruption of the Latin word Excubinus, because Romulus kept a constant watch here.

The Caelian Mount, or Hill, owed its name to Caelius or Cacles, who pitched his tents here, when he came to the assistance of Romulus against the Sabines.

Mount Aventine derives its name from the Latin word, for birds-because great flocks gathered here from the Tiber.

you go to your play. I love dearly to see little boys enjoy themselves, and I do hope they will ask their mothers to put strong boots and warm hoods on their little sisters, and let them go with them; that they too may have red cheeks and Mount Viminal was so called from the number bright eyes, and not be afraid of a little cold of osiers that grew around it.

These were the seven hills of Ancient Rome-others were added afterwards-but from these seven, Rome derived the name by which it is so often styled by the poets, "The Seven-hilled City." Modern Rome, the Rome of our day, is built only upon four of these ancient hills, viz: the Tarpeian, the Capitoline, the Quirinal, and the Viminal. These four, with the ancient plain of the Campus Martius, below them and near the Tiber, form the principal part of the modern city, where the pope now holds sway. The Palatine, the Aventine, the Esquiline and the Caelian, are covered now with heaps of ruins, amidst which, says a modern traveler, "a few modern villas, convents, and vineyards, are thinly

weather.

Now, I will give you a mission. As you go about the country, just whisper in the ears of all the little boys, to take their sisters to play out of doors with them more than they do. It will make them so healthy and strong, and not a bit rude, if the little boys are not rude, and they will not be; I am sure they will not.

There he goes our gay Little Pilgrim. How his feet bound along over the snow! He's not afraid of the flakes on his hat, or his rough coat, that will not fade or spot.

What a happy group they are to be sure. Four, five, six of them. How they jump and clap their hands, and throw snow-balls, and skim along on their hand sleds! How they take in joy and

"It is not what is called politeness-wait a have been afraid." little."

"My sister I have forgotten what mamma calls the regard that one has for the domestics and the work people."

"It is, I think, benevolence; and mamma says that when we have a good heart that comes naturally."

"Do you know, Laurette, that you embarrass me with the questions that you make the Doll ask? And if I do not know how to reply to her, she will not respect me."

in finding the hole designated. He plunged his arm into the opening, reached the head, drew it towards him, and seized it with both hands. At the same moment, it seemed to him that he heard a low and plaintive sound. He attributed it to a grating produced by the bone in contact with the stone. When he was in the middle of the church the same sound was reproduced, more distinctly and painfully than at first. "It is an owl," said the Dr. to himself, and he went out. To shut the door, he laid the head upon the ground, and when he had turned the key in the lock, he stooped down to resume his burden. No sooner had he taken it, than he heard the same sound repeated. This surprised him greatly, but he said to himself immediately, "that plaintive sound does not proceed from this inert body. From what place then does it come?" And in walking he listened attentively to the sound of his steps to discover the effects of his least movements. Soon no doubt remained; two moans were heard simultaneously, and this time, he was sure that they came out of the skull. His science revolted at first against the evidence. "There needs," said he to himself, "organs, to produce the articulate sounds that I hear, and there are no living organs in this insensible bone." He shook the head between his clenched hands, and heard nothing. He calculated its weight, and found nothing in that extraordinary. That rapid examination restored to him a part of his assurance. He repeated, "I must have been deceived. All these noises were only in my imagination." That conviction, however, was of short duration, The plaintive cries succeeded each other rapidly three times more, and doubt became impossible. I have said that the Doctor was religious and believing, yet now, under the influence of a vague terror, he was incapable of reasoning and seeking out the na

SWALLOWS AND BUTTERFLIES.

BY GRACE GREENWOOD.

How I love my garden-arbor,

In these spring-days fresh and sweet,
Where the swallows flit and twitter
In the vines above my seat;
Where, like floating flowers, around me
Flutter golden butterflies-
Half I fancy that the sunshine
Blooms them out before my eyes.
Joyous birds, and radiant insects,

Sent to make this earth more bright,
God's own thoughts of love and beauty,
Taking shape for our delight.

BY L.

Much has been said and written of the cunning and sagacity of the Dog, while poor Puss, his equal in both qualities, is despised and neglected; excepting by the few little girls, who will love and pet her even if they're laughed at by their tall brothers.

sits by the fires below; but if her call is not heeded soon, she goes again and again to the chambers, and is never satisfied until every member of the family has appeared. At no other time of day does she ever visit the chambers.

One of her favorite amusements, when a kitten, was to tease a grave old dog we had, another household pet. This dog was remarkable for nothing but his dignity, being of a serious, contemplative turn of mind. The long existing fued between the canine and feline races seemed by these two to be in part forgotten, but there was little affection on either side. The dog looked with a sort of sour contempt and indifference on Miss Kitty, not condescending to notice or quarrel with any thing so giddy and insignificant; while she lost no opportunity of having a little fun at the expense of the old grandee. When he was walking slowly and deliberately across the floor, looking as wise as a judge, she would dance up sideway, and make a little catch at his tail. He, on hearing the laughter that would follow, would turn uneasily and look suspiciously around, to see what caused it. She would then stand perfectly still, with one paw suspended, perhaps looking very intently in an opposite direction, as innocent as a kitten. Old Watch would then think he had been certainly mistaken, and continue his walk. Then Kitty would turn a most comical little somerset, and dance along after him in a way that would call forth roars of laughter from the admiring little company, who usually witnessed these performances.

She will now sometimes stretch herself up and lift the kitchen door-latch, when she wishes to go out; and jump upon the dining table and stop the pendulum to the clock when the face is left open, and cause the poor old clock to fall into disgrace. It was thought for awhile to be bewitched, as it defied

tural causes of this strange noise. He reproached A COLUMN FOR THE LITTLE ONES. all the skill of the clock-mender, and would stop himself for his pride in the presence of his friends. He thought this might be a miracle to humble his vanity. His forehead was covered with sweat, his legs trembled, and it seemed to him that he was nailed to the place and could not walk a step. Finally he arrived before the house. The door was opened. His friends were waiting for him. He entered. At his appearance the silent assembly trembled. He was of a mortal paleness, and his fixed look, had something frightful in it. When he was in the middle of the room, he laid down the skull; at the same moment a double cry was heard from it, and the Doctor fell, fainting. His friends hurried about, uttering cries of terror. The old bell-ringer, alone remained unmoved, and came forward to the aid of M. Bayle, who was slowly recovering. His first words were :

"The head ?"

Now our Lily White is a wonderful animal, and if all cats are not so, it is perhaps because they are not appreciated-great things are not expected of them, and therefore they don't attempt them so often. Lily White is a large, white, Maltese cat, with an eye almost human in expression. She is now about a year old, and has always been compelled to sleep at night in a wood-house chamber, fastened securely in by a trap door, so that she shall not be molested at night, by prowling vagabond animals, not fit associates for a well"What then is there in that skull ?" murmured instructed cat, who is allowed the freedom of the M. Bayle, stupidly. house. She is either not sufficiently grateful for the kind care taken of her, or is fond of keeping late hours, for she usually hides herself away when her bed-time draws near, and a fine hunt we sometimes have for her. When found, she

"It is there, Monsieur."

"Have you heard that noise ?"

"Certainly."

"Probably a nest of bats, there has been one in it every year," responded the old bell-ringer. M. Bayle recalled, himself, the villagers, who dared not approach. He took the skull into his

hands, and thrusting his fingers into the occipital opening, he drew out some fragments of straw, and old linen rags; it was the nest of two young bats, which presently appeared, and being too feeble to fly, fell heavily upon the ground, flapping their little wings.

"Behold the ghost!" said Dr. Bayle. "You see it, my poor friends; and I, for a moment, even

I, was afraid."

when there was no apparent reason why it should. But at last Lily White was caught in the act of committing the mischief. Sometimes, when one is quietly knitting, she will jump up, and draw out one of the steel needles, and run off with it in her mouth. One evening, when little Mary was learning a rule in arithmetic, she held out her hand for puss, who was sitting demurely by her side, to play with the point of her pencil, which she was then not using. Lily. White suddenly caught it in her mouth, and scampered with all her might into another room. She doubtless herself, and that if she carried off the peneil thought the lesson was better attended to than followed, and they would have a fine romp together. Mary had been so busily using, she should be She used when a little kitten, to jump upon a table, and walk around upon a book spread open before me, until she found the line I was reading, and then lie down upon it, purring very contentedly.

will tell of more wonderful feats than these, and Now if any little reader of The Little Pilgrim

many

balls of cotten hidden purposely away in the toes others I have not mentioned, such as finding of boots, going away out of sight, and bringing them back in triumph-rolling over on the carpet when told to do so, etc., performed by any favorite

dog-why I should like to hear them.

THE LITTLE PILGRIM,

will when commanded, follow slowly up stairs,
with a look of reluctance and disgust on her face
that is very amusing. In the morning, when she
hears the first movement in the house, she calls
loudly to be released from her prison. Imme-
diately she makes her way into the front part of
the house, up stairs and into the sleeping rooms;
inviting all the occupants to follow her down GRACE GREENWOOD & LEANDER K. LIPPINCOTT.

stairs, by running from the bed to the door, and
mewing as loudly as she can. She then goes and

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EDITED BY

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Edited by Trace Treenwood

VOL. II.]

WRITTEN FOR THE LITTLE PILGRIM.

THE PET LAMB.

BY GRACE GREENWOOD.

Little Nannie Tompkins was the daughter of a poor laborer, who lived in a humble cottage, by the roadside, near a small market-town, in the north of England. Nannie had two brothers older than herself-away at service-and a sister about two years younger-a gentle, pretty child, whose name was Olive-but she was always called Ollie.

PHILADELPHIA, MAY, 1855.

One chilly day, in the early spring, as Nannie was out in the fields, searching along the brooks for cresses, and under the hedges for the first violets, she met Farmer Grey, carrying a little lamb in his arms. He said he had found it in the field, curled down against its dead mother, and perishing with hunger and cold.

Seeing Nannie looking wistfully at the lamb, he said-" If I will give you this poor little creature, will you feed it, and keep it warm, and try to raise it?"

[No. 5.

new pet, and fed him. Then she made him a nice soft bed near the fire, and before night he stopped shivering, and grew so strong that he was able to stand on his slender little legs, though rather unsteadily at first; and, the next day, he was running and playing about the house.

The children called this lamb Snowdrop, both because he was so snowy white and delicate, and because he had been found in the early spring.

Well, Snowdrop grew and flourished, and proved himself to be a remarkably clever and lovable pet. He was very fond of the children-especially of Nannie, who was more tender and motherly toward him than her thoughtless little sister. And, next to her parents, and brothers, and Ollie, Nannie certainly loved her lamb. She fed him, washed him, played with him, and took him with her wherever she went. At night, he slept on his little bed of straw and old clothes, in her chamber; and, in the morning, when he awoke, he would go tap-tapping over the floor to her bedside, put up his nose against her cheek, and cry, "Ma!" Nannie always wakened at this, and, after embracing her pet, got up and dressed directly.

One sunny May morning, as Nannie and Ollie sat before the cottage door, with their playmate, a neighbor's daughters-pretty Susan Smith and her little sister Mollie, came up, and stopped for a moment to speak to the children.

These girls were going to market; Susan, with a cage full of young pigeons on her head, and Mollie carrying a basket of fresh eggs.

Susan was a merry, teasing girl, and she began to advise Nannie to take the lamb to market, and sell him.

"Seeing that he is so fat and clean, he will be sure to fetch a good price," she said.

Nannie was shocked at this, and throwing her arms about her pet, she cried

"I would'nt sell my darling Snowdrop to a naughty, cruel butcher, for all the world! I'll never, never let him be killed!"

While the girls were talking, young Robert Grey, the farmer's son, rode up, on his pretty black horse, and stopped too; it may be because Susan Smith had-for the two were famous friends. He heard Nannie's reply about the lamb, and looking down kindly upon her, said"If you are ever obliged to part with your Nannie's mother warmed some milk for the pretty pet, my little girl, you need not sell him

"Oh, yes, indeed I will-thank you kindly, sir," she joyfully replied; and he put the lamb in her arms, and she wrapt it carefully in her

The Tompkinses were the tenants of Farmer Grey-a good, amiable man, kind to the poor, and very tender to little children, birds, and animals-cloak, and ran home with it. to everything that needed help and protection.