CAST IRON RADIATO

FIG. 98.

C

HEATING AND VENTILATING
BUILDINGS.

A MANUAL FOR HEATING ENGINEERS AND

ARCHITECTS.

BY

ROLLA C. CARPENTER, M.S., C.E., M.M.E.,

PROFESSOR EXPERIMENTAL ENGINEERING, CORNELL UNIVERSITY.
Past President American Society Heating and Ventilating Engineers;
Member American Society Mechanical Engineers.

THIRD EDITION, REVISED.

FIRST THOUSAND,

NEW YORK.

JOHN WILEY & SONS

LONDON: CHAPMAN & HALL. LIMITED.

PREFACE.

THE subject of heating and ventilating buildings relates to a branch of engineering devoted to a practical application of the general physical laws of heat to the construction of heating and ventilating apparatus. A general discussion of this subject was given in treatises by Thomas Tredgold, in 1836, and by Charles Hood in 1855, in England, and by E. Péclet in 1850, in France, in which the condition of the art of heating and ventilating as it existed at that time was described. Since those early periods no treatise has been produced relating to the general principles and methods of construction in vogue, although many excellent works have been written relating to special systems or methods of heating, and one very complete and full treatise on ventilation has been published, to which reference is made in various places in the work.

The object of the present book is to present to the reader in as concise a form as possible a general idea of the principles which apply, and of the methods of construction which are in use at the present time in various systems of heating and ventilating. In writing the book the aim has been to present first the general principles which are well established, and later the methods of application to erection of systems of heating and ventilating. It has been the desire to render the reader familiar with general methods and important details of construction, also with methods of designing and estimating costs of apparatus. A full description of the various systems in use at the present time is given so that the reader may obtain an intelligent idea of the relative merits of different methods and the classes of buildings to which each is best adapted.

In preparing the present book, which is an elementary treatise on the subject, the writer has endeavored to present in as clear and concise a manner as possible, first, a statement of

the general principles and laws of pure science which apply; second, a collection of important tests which give data and figures showing the relation of theoretical principles to practical construction; third, a description of the various practical methods which are in use in heating and ventilating buildings;. fourth, a description of the methods of designing various systems of heating and ventilating; fifth, a collection of tables which will be useful in the practical application of the principles stated.

The writer has endeavored to arrange the matter so that it can be understood by any person possessing a practical knowledge of English and arithmetic. Algebraic demonstrations, when introduced, are printed in smaller type, and any conclusion deduced is stated in the form of a rule or general. principle. Many valuable suggestions and much material aid have been given by J. J. Blackmore, J. G. Dudley, and W. S. Higgins, members of the Committee of Publication of the National Association of Manufacturers of Heating Apparatus, in adapting the book for practical use.

It has been the desire of the writer to arrange the work in a scientific manner, and to give no methods or rules of practice which were not based on the results of good, sound reasoning, modified by such coefficients as have been obtained by actual tests or experience. In the case of most systems of heating this has been possible, and it is believed in this respect that the book will be quite different from anything which has preceded it.

A great part of the material employed in writing the book has been used in a course of lectures on the subject of heating to the students in architecture in Cornell University, and one of the objects in preparing the work was to make it useful to the architect as giving a statement of principles and methods of practice applying to this branch of his profession. Professor Charles Babcock and C. F. Osborne of the Department of Architecture, Cornell University, have given material aid and service by suggesting the nature of the information needed in connection with building design.

The book generally presents such information as the writer has found in an extensive practice in the erection and opera