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privari fuo dominio." * A Salvo which, I hope, will remove all umbrage and suspicion from the minds of our governors as they do not reckon perfecution in the number of their cardinal virtues : even if they did, refiftance is not a principle of the Catholic religion.

But I am clearly of opinion, that had Mr. Locke, the wifeft and most moderate of those. English writers, been an officer in Julian's army, he would have reafoned the foldiers into open rebellion. He that compares fubjects, who would brook the violence and oppreffion of their fupreme rulers, to fools, "who take care "to avoid what mifchiefs may be done them

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by pole-cats or foxes, but are content, nay "think it fafety to be devoured by lions,” ↑ and illuftrates his doctrine with the following example: "He that hath authority to feize my "perfon in the ftreet, may be opposed as a "thief and a robber, if he endeavours to break "into my house to execute a writ, notwith

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standing that I know he has fuch a warrant, " and fuch a legal authority, as will empower "him to arreft me abroad. And why this "fhould not hold in the higheft, as well as in "the most inferior magiftrate, I would gladly "be informed." I

*Bellarmin. de Rom. Pontif. I. v. c. 7.

+ Locke on Government, page 253. Ibid. page 345,

Here

Here you fee a philofophical freedom breaking the shackles of restraint and ceremony, and under the pretence of redreffing imaginary grievances, introducing real mischief and a ftate of nature, wherein the most factious and daring adventurers would take the lead. "For "this devolution of power to the people at 'large, includes in it a diffolution of the whole "form of government established by that peo

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ple," fays judge Blackstone, "reduces all "the members to their original state of equa“lity, and by annihilating the sovereign power, "repeals all positive laws whatsoever before "enacted. No human laws will therefore fup

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pofe a cafe, which at once must destroy all "law.* "Wo to all the pinces upon earth," fays a Proteftant archbishop, "if this doctrine

(of refiftance) be true and becometh popular: "if the multitude believe this, the prince, not "armed with the fcales of the Leviathan, can "never be safe from the fpears and barbed ❝irons, which ambition, prefumed interest, ❝and malice will fharpen, and paffionate vio"lence will throw against him. If the beaft "we speak of but knows its own ftrength, it "will never be managed."†

* Blackftone's Comm. b. 1. p. 162.

+ Creed of Mr. Hobbes, examined by the archbishop of Canterbury.

"But

*

"But the fame equality of juftice and free"dom that obliged me to lay open this," fays the bishop of Sarum, "ties me to tax all thofe "who pretend a great heat against Rome, and "value themselves on their abhorring all the "doctrines and practices of that church, and yet have carried along with them one of their "most peftiferous opinions, pretending refor"mation when they would bring all under "confufion; and vouching the cause and work “of God, when they were deftroying the au"thority he had fet up, and opposing those impowered by him: and the more piety and "devotion fuch daring pretenders put on, it "ftill brings the greater ftain and imputation "on religion, as if it gave a patronacy to those practices it fo plainly condemns." The borders of the Thames and Tweed afford then advocates for the depofing power, as well as the banks of the Tyber and Po.

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On the banks of the Tyber a bigotted Divine vests in the pope an indirect power over wicked kings. On the banks of the Thames an enthusiastic Englishman vefts in the subject a direct power over his fovereign. Religion points out an intermediate courfe, without giv

*The bishop's heat against Rome often mistakes or difguifes their real opinions.

Sermon of fubjection.

ing a patronacy to reveries, and mankind shall always find their account, better in mediums, than in extremes. The doctrine of the Italian has fattened the German foil with dead bodies, and induced a pope to attempt placing his

flesh and blood on the throne of the Cæfars. The doctrine of the Englishman has placed dray-men and coblers in the feats of British peers; and by an extraordinary viciffitude in bringing a king to the block in England, raised a taylor to the throne in Germany. †

Such are the fruits of thofe two fyftems, equally pernicious to the fafety of kings, and the peace of fociety. Their respective authors, in ftriking from the plain road of the Christian doctrine, "Let every foul be fubject to higher

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powers," into the airy paths of speculation, have bufied themselves in pursuit of a plan the moft alarming to mankind. Kings were beheaded, and others depofed, before some of those authors had published their works, it is true but are they the more juftifiable in publishing a doctrine which may tincture the fcaffold a fecond time? The difference between them is, that the Englishman, in terse and popular language, engages the imagination; adorn's his fubject by a long chain of deductions;

*Alexander VI.

+ John of Leyden, a taylor, made king of Munster.

makes

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makes truth bend to argument, reality to ap pearance; and is read by all. In this great arfenal, every common reader can find arms to reduce his king to reafon; the fhipwright and carpenter are enabled, by the rules of political logic, to trim the vessel of ftate, and steer it through the unbounded ocean of constitutional liberty. But the ultramontane divine, bristling with barbarous Latin, is not read by one in three millions. Powdered with duft, and ftretched on the fhelf of a college-library, he fleeps as found as Endimion in his cave, and more is the pity: for his doctrine of the depofing power is founded on as folid proofs as the history of that Spaniard who made a voyage to the moon; and difplayed in a ftyle not inferior to that of Valentine and Orfon. Of his ftyle and arguments I fend you the following Sample:

*

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"Probatur per fimilitudinem ad artem frani"factoriam et equeftrem. Ut enim duæ ille ar"tes funt inter fe diverfæ, quia diftincta habent "objecta, et fubjecta, et actiones; et tamen

quia finis unius ordinatur ad finem alterius, ❝ideo una, alteri præeft, et leges ei præfcribit : "ita videntur poteftas ecclefiaftica et politica, "diftinctæ poteftates effe; et tamen una alteri "fubordinata, quoniam finis unius ad finem al

New-coined Latin, much of the fame date with the

depofing power.

E

"terius

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