fuggefing the alarming Confequences likely to enfue if the Bill now before the Legislature upon that Subject should pass into a Law. By J. Bowles, Efq. of the Inner Temple, Barrister at Law. MR. B. addreffed the publick lately (fee p. 548) on the fubject of innova tions in the prefent law of libels. "He "feels it his additional duty to endea "vour to rescue the prefent practice "from objections to which, if thorough "ly underflood, it will not appear to be "liable, and which he had too much "candour to anticipate at leaft in the "form in which they were made. He "alfo wishes to promote the confidera❝tion of the real tendency of the plan "propofed to be fubftituted; while, 4 with great deference and timidity, he "ventures to fuggeft, but in a very ge"neral manner, a regulation which appears to him not only unexceptiona"ble, but calculated to meet the whole of the objections, founded or un"founded, to the prefent mode of pro"ceeding, to give complete fatisfaction "to the publick, and to fecure a just "and falutary freedom of the prefs to "the remeteft pofterity. While fchemes "of inconfiderable innovation are fup"ported by the general encomiums on "the mode of trial by jury, the publick "will remember that the true queftion "is, Which of the two fyftems before "them most favour the conflitutional rights of juries? The author lays-in his claim to an equally fervent but 66 more rational attachment to thofe ❝rights than can confift with any plan which confounds the important dif "tinƐn between law and fact; and "he withes his doctrine to be fubmitted "to no other teft than their tendency "to promote the original defign, as well as to preferve the real import ance, refpe&tability, and usefulness of "that facred inflitution, A TRIBUNAL "OF PEERS." 12. Obfervations on the Difcafes, Defects, and Injuries in all Kinds of Fruit and Foreft Trees; with an Account of a particular Method of Cure, invented and practifed by William Forfyth, Gardener to bis Majefty at Kensington. WHILE fo many noble oaks, the glory of our ifle, have received their death warrant from the hands of annuitants, mortgagees, borough hunters, gamefters, and a thoufand private extravagants, not to mention the rapacity of fiewards, woodwards, builders, and 3 capability-men, and the neglect of Sir Thomas Robinson's Virgilian motto on his gate piers at Rookby, which, ere now, it may be, have shared the fate of his museum of antiques at the fame place, Mr. F. propofes a kind of temporary patch-work, to remedy the da mages and wounds of trees by unskilful management and external accidents, inftead of fupplying the deficiency by plantation and culture. Not only vegetation and increafed fruitfulness, but foundness of timber, and healthful vegetation, are to be restored to trees cracked and cankered, by his compofi tion, applied, in the manner of a plaster, to the wounded or injured part; which, being of a foft and healing nature, poffeffes an abforbent and adhesive quality, and, by refifting the force of wathing rains, the contraction of nipping frofts, and the effects of a warm fun, or drying winds, excludes the pernicious influence of a changeable, atmosphere. This prefcription may be feen in P. 569. 129. The Duty of Chriffians to Megistrates: Å Sermon, occafioned by the late Riots at bir mingham, preached at King's Weigh houfe, Laft-Cheap, on Lord's Day Maning, July 24, 1791. With a prefixed Audes to the Publick, intended to remove the R-proach lately fallen on Praeftant Diffenters. By John Clayton. THE preacher concurs with us in opinion, that the kingdom of Chrift is not of this world, and that his minifters have bulinets enough of their own to mind without interfering with politicks. His addrets to the publick is forcible and jutt; and his difcourfe, though needing an apology for the compofition, and ftill more for the pointing, is to the purpote. That our readers may judge of the former, we have here fubjoined it at large, and added the beft pallage in the fermon. "AN ADDRESS TO THE PUBLICK. "The truths and duties of religion may frequently be enforced with peculiar advan tage, by a fuitable regard to providential oc "Being a Dissenting-minifter, I have with heartfelt concern known, that the religious and political fentiments of Diffenters at large have been misunderstood and mifreprefented by the publick in general. The origin of this prejudice I do not attribute to former. animofity-to jealoufy in the King or his Minifters to bigotry in Bishops-or prejudice in Churchmen. No; the caufe is to be found in the conduct of individuals among ourselves; who, leaving the quiet duties of their profeffion, have spoken and written perverse things, to drawo away difciples after them. "It is a mournful fact, that a large body of modern Diffenters, under the fanction of reafon and science, falfely fo called, have apoftatized from the dorines of the Reformation; and fome can vilify, in very opprobricus language, the truths which their ancestors contended for, with meekness of wifdom, at the expence of their liberty, treasure, and blood. It is true, the Reformers in Germany, and the champions in the cafe of Evangelical truth in England, both in the Eftablished Church and among Nonconformiíts, were fallible men: let thofe alfo, who are but men themselves, recollect on whofe afhes they trample when they ridicule the fentiments held facred by men of tried integrity, who, in their confeflions, fpoke and wrote, not the effufions of enthusiasm, but words of trub and faberness. "This fad apoftasy of modern Nonconformis is to be afcribed to, at least, a partial denial of the infpiration of the Scriptures, particularly the Epiftles of St. Paul. We are not to be furprized if men, who vacate the rule of faith in Jefus Chrift, fhould be defective in deference, and in obedient regards to men who are raised to offices of fuperior influence, for the purposes of civil order and public good. The boun less liberty fome have exercised in judging of theological fubjects, is affociated with oppofition to the regulations of Government, and impatience under restraints very prudently impofed on perfons feparating from the eftabLifhed religion of their country. "1 do venture to affirm (though uncommiffioned), in the name of many of my brethen in the ministry, men venerable for their years-of found learning and exemplary piety-ufeful men, and highly esteemed in our churches, as well as in the name of a vaft body of the laity,—I affirm, that we greatly difapprove of the theological and political fentiments of those who (by a patent of their own creation) ftyle themfelves Rational Dienters. "The difaffection to Government, expreffed in toafts drunk at Revolution Clubs -in pamphlets-in fermons-must not be imputed to the Diffenters as a body; but to thefe of them who have been corrupted by men of talents, who (in this age of impaired GENT. MAG. Auguft, 1751. fubordination) have been dignified with the appellation of Apofiles of Liberty. "I may add, farther, there were not a few among the Diffenters, both of their clergy and laity, who difapproved of the manner in which application was made to Parliament for the repeal of the Teft and Corporation Acts. The want of fuccefs arofe, in a great measure, from the impreffion made on the minds of Dignitaries in the Church, and numbers of the Houfe of Commons, by the intemperate resolutions framed and carried at various county-meetings. "Very many ferious Chriftians in the Eftablished Church, as well as among Diffenters, are grieved that the ordinance of the Lord's Supper, inftituted purely for a fpiritual end, fhould be perverted, and made to ferve a fecular purpose. Surely the cross of Chrift ought not to be infulted by perfons eager to prefs into the temple of Mammon. "The British Legislature is acceffible; fubjects of this free country may petition, not contumeliously, but with decency, a corrected temper, and proper reverence for fuperiors. The number of refpectable Diffenting-minifters was not small, who, in the late application to Parliament, disapproved of blending religious and fecular reafons as grounds of complaint. They wished, as miwiflers, to urge only what they deemed a profanation of the Lord's Supper as the argument for a repeal. For we do not find that the New Teftament Church ever contended, in her proper character, for any share in the government or emoluments of worldly kingdoms. "Others, having reafon to believe that fome of our Reformers were influenced by enmity against the doctrinal articles of the Established Church, and the orthodoxy of her Liturgy, could not facrifice their pious regard to truth, though in a church they had feparated from, to the policy of men who, with refpect to God our Saviour, only confult to caft him down from his excellency. "Should application be again made to Parliament, the members of that auguft affembly may be affured the Diffenters are not unanimous in defiring a repeal of the Teft and Corporation Acts. I know many, of the first character and opulence, who, all things confidered, with that what is at reft may not be disturbed. "If any fhould afk, what is my motive for writing this short addrefs? for anfwer I can affure the publick, I have no interest of avarice to promote, being contented with that abundance which is given me to enjoy. I have no intereft of fame; I am fatisfied in being known to that circle where my pro fettional duty calls me. I value human applause when it is the echo of a sentence pronounced by my confcience, directed, in its favourable verdict, by the Holy Spirit, which is promifed to them that believe. Neither, in writing this, do I give vent to party-zeal: avowedly I am not of any party, nor attached to any feet of religious profeffors, as an inland: I live in my affections on the great Chriftian continent. Notwithstanding this declaration of liberality, I renounce all pretenfions to the modern harlot-like charity, which opens her arms to promifcuous luft; I defire no charity befides that which rejoiceth in the truth. I must add, I am not impelled by fear, I have no apprehension of danger, for I have not raised the people, neither in the fynagogues nor in the city; neither against the law, nor yet against Cafar, have I offended any thing at all. really employed in the quiet duties of my profeffion, my religious political creed forbids all fear of man. I believe that the Lord God omnipotent reigneth. I believe the wrath of man fball praife God, and the remainder of wrath be will refrain. Laftly, I believe he who trufteth in the Lord, and deetb good, shall dwell in the land, and verily be shall be fed. While "In writing thefe pages I have been influenced by juftice to the Diffenters as a body, to my brethren in the miniftry, and to myfelf; and alfo to difabufe, and fet free from mistake, the minds of my fuperiors and fellow-fubjects, who may think this addrefs and the following fermon worthy of their attention. As to compofition, &c. excufe is neceflary; but I make no apology for the fentiments they contain. "Should any perfons give them felves the trouble of taking public notice of what I have advanced, let them not conftrue my future filence (for I am determined to reply to no one) into conviction. In confidering the following fubje&t I have difregarded the theories of modern political divines and philofophers. The ideas of Scripture on the duty of Chriftians with respect to politicks, I have endeavoured to collect: and the dictates of infpired wifdom, relative to every obligation, I hope to carry with me unaltered to the grave. J. CLAYTON. Highbury-place, lington, July 30, 1791." P. 31. "Should a foreigner, with his fhip, enter one of er harbours at a time when the inhabitants of this ifland were agitated by jarring opinions, you would judge it was his duty to make the best of the times, land his cargo, difpofe of it, and retire quietly about his bafinefs. Should he, inftead of fuch prudent conduct, indifcreetly meddle with matters out of his province, and a lawlets rabble should burn his ship, we ought to regret the unjuftifiable outrage, but we should not wonder, becaufe he came out of his place. It would greatly aggravate the offence of this bufy-body if he were tolerated, not only to land from his fhip the fpices of Arabia, but the most poife nous drug. This unrestrained liberty, abufed to purpofes hoftile to the general content of the nation, muit leffen the pity which humanity under every fpecies of fuffering claims. After all, should this med. dling captain fay the burning of his ship was perfecution for righteoufnefs-fake, we must bewail the infatuation in which his folly terminates." 130. A Differtation on fufpended Refpiration from Drowning, Hanging, and Suffocation. In which is recommended a different Mode of Treatment to any bitberto pointed out. By Edward Coleman, Surgeon. THIS Differtation obtained the prize-medal of the ROYAL HUMANE SOCIETY, as the beft compofition that appeared in answer to the queftion, "Whether emetics, venefection, or electricity, be proper in fufpended "animation, and under what circum"ftances?" In his theory and treatment of the difeafe, the author differs very materially from Dr. Goodwyn and Mr.Kite, who have lately written upon the fubject; and, by a number of curious experiments, endeavours to inveftigate the proximate caufe of fufpended animation. Dr. Goodwyn attributes death, in thefe cafes, to the blood contained in the left auricle and ventricle of the heart being incapable of exciting their contraction, from the privation of the ufual ftimulus fupplied by the air; and hence he derives the immediate caufe of the fufpended circulation. Mr. Kite, on the other hand, attributes it to apo plexy; and considers the ftoppage ternal, efficient caufe of death. In or the motion of the lungs as the firft, inder to afcertain the truth or fallacy of thofe opinions, on a fubje&t fo import ant, the author of the prefent work had recourfe to a variety of experiments on different animals, which are here re lated, and afford a refult in direct con tradiction to the above theorics. Mr. Coleman maintains that fufpended refpi ration is induced by neither of the caules of * The author received the prize-medal from the hands of Dr. Hawes, in the prefence of the vice-prefidents, clergy, and a number of gentlemen affembled for the purpose, a the London Coffee-house. After an inge nious and learned addrefs delivered by the Doctor; the author, Mr. Coleman, modeftly replied, that he confidered himself highly honoured by this diftinguished mark of the Society's approbation; but that, whatever fhare of merit they thought his Elfay entitled to, was, in effect, to be attributed more to the labours and information he had received from the judicious publications of the Royal Humane Society, than to any ideas he could pollibly entertain of his own abilities. alligned affigned by thofe authors, but by collapfe of the lungs; by which he means an emptying of the greater part of their air, which occafions fuch a mechanical obftruction in the interior pulmonary veffels as prevents the right side of the heart from expelling its contents. Dr. Goodwyn and Mr. Coleman have objected to the term Sufpended Animation." Refpiration and Circulation,” fays the latter, "may be fufpended; "but the principle of life, or fufcepti"bility of action, which is the fource "of thefe functions, may ftill remain. "Life, therefore, can with no propriety "be faid to be suspended when the vital "principle is prefent." This conclufion of the author, and, confequently, the fum of his objections, is founded on the fuppofition that Life and Animation are fynonymous; but whenever an objection is taken to terms, the objector should confider the precife meaning and force of fuch terms. The term animation conveys an idea very different from that ufually understood by the vital principle; inftead of denoting the principle, it rather fignifies the confequences flowing from that principle. The latitude of fignification of moft words is a defect in language which it is eafier to lament than to remedy. However, the most received fignification of the word animation is, the manifefting, by action, thofe powers which arife from the VITAL PRINCIPLE, or ibe ANIMA of the antient philofophers. If fuch be the meaning of the words fuf pended animation, it must be more defcriptive of those symptoms or appearauces which take place when the human body is wrapped up in the femblance of death, than fufpended refpiration, which only denotes the fufpenfion or refpiration of an individual organ of life. Mr. Coleman proceeds to inform us, that "the diftinction between the ac"tions and powers of life, which, with "fo many other admirable obfervations "in phyfiology, we owe to the ingeni"ous Mr. Hunter, clearly illuftrates "the impropriety of the ranguage to "which we object." But in what manner it illuftrates the impropriety of the language, he does not inform us; and the truth is, that our young author appears to labour under fome confufion of ideas refpecting the term Animation. The term life itself, although, as Mr. Locke has obferved, it is ufed in a vague and indefinite fenfe, more properly de. notes the actions, than the powers, of living animals; for, had it.denoted the powers by which the vital functions are performed, the framers of the language of philofophy would not have recurred to the invention of the terms vitality and principle of life. The experiments from which he draws his conclufions feem to have been conducted with addrefs, and to be related with candour. Should his theory be well founded, which we fee no reafon to difpute, the plan of treatment hitherto generally adopted muft, in fome inftances of apparent death, prove injurious. The author has adapted his method of cure to his view of the proximate caufe of the disease; and, as it differs in fome effential points from that in common ufe, we recommend the work to the attention of medical practitioners. INDEX INDICATORIUS. If N. P. who (p. 504) enquires whether it is confistent with principles of honour and confcience to fell the perpetual advowfon of an ecclefiaftical living, will take the trouble to perufe "Strictures on Modern Simony," a fmall pamphlet printed in 1767, he will find fome obfervations on the fubject well worth the attention of the clergy in general. Or, if he will fend his addrefs, directed to the Rev. Dr. RN, to be left with Mr. Reddish, Bookfeller, in Stockport, Cheshire, he may poffibly meet with a fuller anfwer. Mr. JAMES HOME, who refided feme years at Rome, and has a very great collection of papal coins and medals, informs us, that what we have published in p. 611 is not a medal, but a coin, called a Teftone. Under the gate is a fmail fhield, with the arms of Monfig. Bolognetti, the prefident of the Mint; and the E. H. ftand for Hermengild Hamerani, the graver of the fame -Urban VI. reduced the jubilee to 33 years; and Sixtus IV. confirmed the decree of having it every 25 years, made by his predeceffor, Paul II. anno 1470. When Quoz, p. 621, gives up his name, and produces his authority for the charges against the College at Hackney, a FRIEND OF THAT INSTITUTION pledges himself to prove that they are unfounded and illiberal. A FAIR ONE, who afks for a cure for ZARWIGS, is referred to p. 725. Mr. CRAG's Continuation of THREEKINGHAM Notes in our next ;-with A WANDERER; the Memoirs of JoHN WILSON;J.D. on PRIOR's Birth-place;-Strictures on the Land Tax;-Mr. OWEN and Mr. WILof CONDORCE T's Letterto Dr. PRIESTLEY; LIAMS on the Welth Indians; the Marquis -Mr. ELDERTON's View of CLIFTON, &C. We are obliged to Dr. TATHAM; but have not room for his "Letter to the Dif fenters."-The fame answer may be given to an infinite mumber of our correfpondents of almoft every disterent religious perfuafion, SUNG AT THE ENTERTAINMENT GIVEN BY THE OFFICERS OF THE GARRISON OF GIBRALTAR TO HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE EDWARD, MAY 11, 1791. SCENDING Calpe's ftately brow, We fee fweet flow'rs fpontaneous grow; A As thefe their mingling feents difclofe, War's rugged paths have alfo flow'rs- See, o'er yon Western mountain's fhade, Ye breezes, fafely waft him o'er, TRANSLATION OF STRADA'S CONTEST BETWEEN THE LUTANIST AND NIGHTINGALE. HE fun now hafting to his Western way, ΤΗ And shedding forth a milder, ev'ning ray; She foon with artful fkill return'd again. Then by degrees the founding chords provokes With flying fingers, and repeated strokes; Then ftops. She thus, with fimple, rude Returns his art, then lengthens out her lays; effays, No varied, winding, pleafing change expreft, But, with fmooth cadence flowing from her breast, [minute, Now warbling ftrains, with changes moft Her trembling voice, to emulate the lute. The Lutanift, furpriz'd fo foft a note, So fweet, could iffue from fo fmall a throat, His ftrings attun'd with fkill, for higher ftrains; [pains, Now sharp, now deeper tones, with dextrous Sends forth, the hoarfe together mix'd with loud, Such as in war roufe up the lazy crowd. The fame to fing fweet Philomel prepares, And modulates her pipe with equal airs; Now sharp, now flat, her varied notes ap[clear. pear, Then loudly fings, as warlike trumpets" Abafh'd he stood, the bird indignant eyes, "If this, Ominstrel, be return'd (he cries), I'll break my lute, and yield to thee the prize." ftrings: This said, inimitable strains he fings, The labour'd lute, full-ton'd, exulting bounds. To raife her voice the Lutanift above, Mr. URBAN, HE New King-freet, Bath, August 13. By her his notes were anfwer'd back;-he village of Aldbourn, in North heard, And was well-pleas'd to entertain the bird; The Lutanift now ftrikes; like one in fcorn, * See p. 717 Wilts, having fuffered by a dreadful fire a few years ago, a Clergyman wrote a Poem on the event. Some allufions render it neceifary to obferve (according to the au thor), that Aldbourn was formerly a market town, but is now much reduced. It is fituated in a winding valley, through which a brook usually flows for feveral months every year; and, if the fprings happen not to rife high enough to produce this effect, it is confidered as a bad omen to the publick. The fatal fire happened on a Sunday, foon after the conclufion of Morning Service: t began at the first house in the town to the |