§ 76 393 B.C.

Division of the Veientine territory. Proposal to

migrate to Veii

77

391 B.C. Accusation and banishment of Camillus

p. 307

308

78

Review of the accounts of the siege of Veii, and of the banish-

321

79 Camillus at Ardea. The Gauls in Northern Italy: they be-

siege Clusium

80 390 B.C. The Gauls march upon Rome. Battle of the Allia.

81 Rome is taken and burnt by the Gauls, but the capitol holds

out

82 Ransom of the capitol. Departure of the Gauls. Interposition

of Camillus. The Romans reoccupy and rebuild the city.

83 Review of the history of the capture of Rome by the Gauls.

84 Physical occurrences of this period

324

325

332

340

356

CHAPTER XIII.

History of Rome, from the Rebuilding of the City to the

Landing of Pyrrhus in Italy.

PART I.-FROM THE REBUILDING OF THE CITY TO THE BEGINNING

OF THE SAMNITE WARS.

§ I General character of the history of the preceding 120 years 359

2 Character of the history of the following period to the war

with Pyrrhus

360

3 391 B.C.

War with the Volsci and Equi. Festival legend of

Tutula or Philotis

363

4 384 B.C.

Treason and execution of Manlius.

365

5

380 B.C. T. Quinctius Cincinnatus defeats the Prænestines

6 377-367 B.C. The rogations of C. Licinius Stolo

372

373

7 Examination of the history of the Licinian rogations

8 First Licinian rogation, respecting the repayment of loans

377

382

9 Second Licinian rogation, imposing a limit upon the occupation

of land

10 Third Licinian rogation, enacting that one consul should be a

plebeian

The Licinian law respecting plebeian consuls is not, at first,

strictly observed. Plebeian dictator. Further measures

respecting debts

813 Examination of the accounts of Gallic incursions during the

years 391-281 B.C..

14 349 B.C. Appearance of a fleet of Greek pirates off the coast

of Latium.

p. 399

408

15 Prodigies and expiatory rites. Leap of M. Curtius into the

chasm in the forum.

409

PART II.-FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE SAMNITE WARS

TO THE LANDING OF PYRRHUS.

(343-281 B.C.)

16 343 B.C. The Romans accept the surrender of the Campa-

nians, and require the Samnites to desist from hostilities

against them. The Samnites refuse, and war is declared

against them by the Romans. First campaign. Battles

of Mount Gaurus, Saticula, and Suessula

Review of the accounts of the origin of the First Samnite War 413

Mutiny of the Roman troops on their return from Campania.

Accounts of their march upon Rome.

411

17

18

416

19

341-0 B.C. Peace is made with the Samnites. War is declared

against the Latins

421

20

The Roman army near Capua. Dreams of the consuls. Exe-

cution of T. Manlius by his father

23 338 B.C. Expedition of Archidamus III. to Tarentum

24 334-331 B.C. Expedition of Alexander of Epirus to Taren-

434

tum his death near Pandosia, in the territory of the

Bruttians

435

25 302 B.C. Expedition of Cleonymus to Southern Italy: his

piratical excursion to Patavium

26 330-1 B.C. Subjugation of Privernum, and answer of the Pri-

vernate envoys

27 326 B.C. Rupture of the peace between the Romans and

Samnites. Beginning of the Second Samnite War. Siege

and capture of Palapolis. .

441

442

28 325 B.C. Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus, master of the horse,

fights the Samnites contrary to the orders of the dictator,

L. Papirius Cursor. Severe measures of the latter

443

§ 29 321 B C. The Roman army are surrounded by the Samnites

at the audine pass they make a treaty, surrender, and

are passed under the yoke

30 320 B.C. The Romans repudiate the treaty, and surrender

the officers who were parties to it, but the Samnites send

them back. The Samnites are afterwards defeated at Cau-

dium and Luceria

P. 445

447

31 Examination of the accounts of the Caudine disaster

319-304 B.C. History of the remainder of the Second Sam-

448

34 293 B.C. The Samnites are defeated by Papirius and Carvilius,

and afterwards by Fabius Maximus

470

35 290 B.C. Termination of the Third Samnite War

36 Comment on the accounts of the Third Samnite War

37 282-1 B.C. War with the Tarentines, and landing of Pyrrhus

472

473

at Tarentum

475

38 Miscellaneous events of internal history from the beginning of

the Samnite wars

478

I

CHAPTER XIV.

General Results of the Preceding Inquiry. Comparison

with the Corresponding Period of Greek History.

The results of the preceding inquiry tend to disprove the cre-

dibility of the Roman history for the first 473 years of the

city

.

2 General principles respecting historical evidence founded on

oral tradition

3 Reasons for a comparison of the period of Greek history ante-

rior to the age of contemporary historians

494

4 Commencement of contemporary history in Greece. Time and

character of the early historians . .

ib.

5 Period of Greek history from the Ionic revolt to the end of the

8 History of Sparta from 560 B.C. to the Persian war

513

§ 9 History of Samos under Polycrates and his successors

10 History of Cuma in Italy under Aristodemus Malacus

Reigns of Cyrus, Croesus, and Amasis

12

Treatment of the acts of Cyrus in the Cyropædia of Xenophon 525

13 Attic history in the time of Solon. Legislation of Draco.

14 History of Corinth under the Cypselidæ, and of Sicyon under
the Orthagorida .

529

533

15 History of Sparta before 600 B.C. The Messenian wars. Legis-

lation of Lycurgus. Institution of the Ephors. Origin

of the helots

16 Phidon of Argos. Registers of Spartan kings. Olympic

register.

17 Return of the Heraclidæ. History of Athens before Cylon.
Ionic and Æolic migrations. Early colonies.

18 General character of the Greek history before the age of his-

torians. The poetical literature of Greece precedes its

political history

19 Importance and interest of Roman history. Reasons in favour

of cultivating that portion of it which is subsequent to the

age of contemporary historians in preference to the earlier

period

539

545

547

551

553

AN

INQUIRY INTO THE CREDIBILITY OF THE

EARLY ROMAN HISTORY.

CHAPTER XII.

HISTORY OF ROME, FROM THE EXPULSION OF THE KINGS TO THE BURNING OF THE CITY BY THE GAULS.

$1

(509-390 B.C.)

PART I.-FROM THE ESTABLISHMENT OF CONSULS

W

TO THE FIRST SECESSION.

(509-494 B.C.)

E now enter upon a period of one hundred and twenty years, which resembles the previous period of two hundred and forty-four years in being prior to all regular contemporary history, but differs from it in approaching more closely to the time when oral traditions were committed to the sure custody of writing. The reminiscences from which this portion of the history was written down were fresher, and more distinct, and had passed through a shorter series of reporters; and hence they probably adhered more closely to the truth, and contained a larger portion of real fact, than the legends out of which the previous history was formed. As the story advances, we cease to float about in entire uncertainty, and we observe some points of fixed and immoveable land rising on the horizon. The mists of night begin to disperse, and we discover some faint traces of real objects.

VOL. II.

Jamque rubescebat stellis Aurora fugatis,

Quum procul obscuros colles humilemque videmus
Italiam.

B