The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām Ibn ʿAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads

Front Cover
SUNY Press, Jun 28, 1994 - History - 399 pages
Stretching from Morocco to China, the Umayyad caliphate based its expansion and success on the doctrine of jihad--armed struggle to claim the whole earth for God's rule, a struggle that had brought much material success for a century but suddenly ground to a halt followed by the collapse of the ruling Umayyad dynasty in 750 CE. The End of the Jihâd State demonstrates for the first time that the cause of this collapse came not just from internal conflict, as has been claimed, but from a number of external and concurrent factors that exceeded the caliphate's capacity to respond.
 

Contents

Introduction
1
The Problem of the Reign of Hisham
4
The Doctrine of Jihad
11
An Outline of the History of the Jihad State 2132623750
19
The Madman State and the First Expansion 23562356
21
The First Civil War and the First Hiatus 354065661
23
The Sufyanid Umayyad State and the Second Expansion 406366183
24
The Second Hiatus and the Second Civil War 637368392
26
Transoxiana and Khurasan 1111573033
155
The Byzantine Front 1121473032
162
The Frankish Front 1121473032
163
Egypt and North Africa 1121473032
165
8 The Continuation of the Policy of Expansion 1152273340
167
The Byzantine Front 1152273340
168
The Caucasus Front 1152373341
170
Transoxiana and Khurasan 1152373341
176

The Marwanid Umayyad State and the Third Expansion 7399692718
28
The Third Hiatus and Umar II9910171820
31
The Marwanid Umayyad State and the Fourth Expansion 1012272040
34
Administrative Geography and Tribal Identity Under Hisham
37
Tribal Identity in the Administration and Army
42
3 The Individual Provinces of the Caliphate
47
The Jaziran Superprovince
50
the Viceroyalty of the East
57
The North African or Western Superprovince
67
the Western Arabian Backwater
73
4 Administrative Policies and Ideology at the Beginning of Hishams Reign
77
The Central Administration of the Caliphate under Hisham
79
Caliphal Fiscal Policy at the Start of Hishams Reign
81
Ideological Centralization
92
5 The Challenges of Internal and Foreign Opposition to Hishams Caliphate
97
The External Strategic Situation in 105724
102
The Byzantine Empire
104
The Caucasus Principalities
106
The Khazar Khanate
108
The Turgesh Khanate and Transoxiana
109
Sijistan
110
The Franks
112
The Berbers
113
Other Parts of Africa
114
6 The Beginning of the Military Crisis 1051172429
117
The Caucasus 1051172429
121
Transoxiana 1051172429
125
Sijistan 1050872427
129
India 1040872327
131
Egypt 1051172429
135
North Africa and the West Mediterranean 1051172429
136
Spain and the Franks 1051172429
140
7 The Climax of the Military Crisis 1121473032
145
Sijistan 1081472632
146
India 1081372631
147
The Caucasus 1121473032
149
Sijistan 1152573343
185
India 1132273140
186
Khariji and ShlI Revolts in Iraq and the East 1132273140
190
Egypt 1152273340
192
North Africa 1152273340
193
Spain and France 1142273240
196
9 The Collapse of the Expansion Policy 1222574043
199
The Byzantine Front 1232574143
200
The East Including Sind 1222574043
202
The Great Berber Revolt 1222574043
203
Causes of the Revolt
204
The Beginning of the Revolt 1222374041
206
Abd alMalik b Qatan alFihris Coup in Spain 123741
208
The Brief Governorship of Kulthum b Iyad 12324741
209
The North African Governorship of Hanzala b Safwan alKalbi 1242774245
213
The Caliphal Twilight in Spain 1242574243
218
Conclusion
223
Rationale and Result
225
General Conclusions
230
Maps
237
Sources for the Reign of Hisham b Abd alMalik
247
Some Aspects of Methodology
251
The Nature of the Sources
254
The Limitations of the Material Evidence
257
The Muslim Literary Sources and Their Geographical Limitations
258
Christian Literary Sources
265
Social and Structural Limitations in the Muslim Literary Sources
267
Modern Scholarship
270
On the Population of the Umayyad Caliphate
273
of Arabic Technical Terms
275
Notes
279
Bibliography
353
Index
369
Map Index
395
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About the author (1994)

Khalid Yahya Blankinship is Assistant Professor of Religion at Temple University. He is the translator of Volumes 11 and 25 of the History of al-Tabari, also published by SUNY Press.

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