Herod's Judaea: A Mediterranean State in the Classical WorldSamuel Rocca presents an in - depth analysis of Herodian society. The most important facet of this analysis was the relationship between Herod as ruler and the Jewish subjects over whom he ruled. Yet to understand the relationship between Herod and his subjects, between ruler and ruled, it is necessary, as part of the general background, to undertake a general analysis of Herodian Judaea and its relationship with the classical world, beginning with Augustan Rome, which was then the center of power, and followed by the main centers within the Mediterranean basin and the Hellenistic East. The author contends that Herod, though a Jewish ruler, regarded both Alexander the Great-the embodiment of the Hellenistic ruler-and Augustus as ideal models who were worthy of imitation. These models of inspiration influenced the shape of society in Herodian Judaea as a whole. In fact, Herod pushed Judaea towards major Hellenization, albeit with many elements more akin to Rome. This trend of Hellenization was present well before the Herodian period but intensified under Herod's rule. It seems that one of the reasons for the intensification of this trend was King Herod's domination of Judaean society, which allowed him to dictate socio-cultural trends to a greater extent than Augustus was able to do in Rome. Samuel Rocca deals with Herod as the head of Jewish society in Judaea, and hence this study is first and foremost a study of Herodian society. Thus he analyzes the Herodian ideology of rule, the court, the army, the administration, the economy, the ruling political bodies, the city as a microcosm, the religion, and the burial customs. This book anchors Herodian Judaea as firmly as possible within the surrounding Mediterranean world and therefore within the realities of Hellenistic Roman civilization in order to better understand its multi-faceted dimensions as part of the surrounding contemporary world, and not simply as an entity belonging to a biblical - New Testament reality. |
Contents
Royalty and the Ideology of Power 2 2 2 2 2 | 22 |
Herod and the Hellenistic Ideology of Rule | 36 |
Herod the Client King of Rome | 52 |
Herod and Juba IIa Comparison | 58 |
The Court of King Herod | 65 |
The Royal Court of Herodian Judaea | 72 |
the Herodian Palace | 96 |
Conclusions | 122 |
Conclusions | 239 |
The Ruling Bodies of Herodian Judaea | 249 |
The Ruling Bodies of the Herodian State | 261 |
Conclusions | 275 |
The Cults of the Herodian Kingdom | 281 |
Herod and the Rebuilding of the Temple | 291 |
A Civic Center | 306 |
Herod and the Pagan Cults | 315 |
The Gymnasium of Jerusalem | 129 |
The Campaigns of Herods Army | 147 |
The Fortifications | 153 |
in the Herodian Kingdom | 175 |
Military Colonies and Their Role in Defending | 188 |
Conclusions | 195 |
Taxation and Revenues in the Herodian Kingdom | 203 |
The Division of the Land in the Herodian Kingdom | 213 |
The Economic Resources | 227 |
The Herodian City | 323 |
Jerusalem a Classical City | 332 |
Conclusions | 347 |
Conclusions | 363 |
Monumental Tombs of the Hasmonean | 364 |
Final Conclusions | 370 |
379 | |
409 | |
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Common terms and phrases
Agrippa Alexander Jannaeus Alexandria Ancient Antipas Aramaic archaeological Archelaus Architecture Aristobulus Athens Augustus boule building built Caesarea Maritima century BCE Classical coins depicted erected euergetism excavated fortifications fortress Galilee Gentile Greek Hasmonean Hasmonean period Hasmoneans and Herod Hebrew Hellenism Hellenistic king Hellenistic Palaces Hellenistic period Hellenistic rulers Herod's army Herod's court Herod's death Herod's kingdom Herod's rule Herodian Dynasty Herodian Judaea Herodian kingdom Herodian palaces Herodian period Herodian Temple Herodium high priest History Hyrcanus Hyrcanus II Idumaea Imperial important included inscription Israel Jericho Jerusalem Jews Josephus King Herod Kokkinos Land Mariamme Mark Antony Masada Mediterranean mentioned Meshorer military Moreover Nabataean Netzer ossuaries Pharisees political population probably Program of Herod Ptolemies Rabbinic reign Roman Rome royal ruling class Sadducees Safrai Samaria Sanhedrin Sebaste Second Temple Period Seleucid Shatzman similar Solomon sources synagogue synedrion Syria Temple Mount Tiberias Tomb towers urban various villages Winter Palace XVII